the thing in literature

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question for people who follow contemporary literature: what is, like, the thing right now? or the things?

if I answered this question a while back, biased as I was, I would have said something about post-pynchonian stuff like powers and delillo and then another camp of ironic-whatever people like df wallace and various assorted idiots (like the ones centering around mcsweeney's). just so you know what I have in mind.

Josh (Josh), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 19:17 (twenty-three years ago)

Lord knows I wish I knew! Then I'd know whether my efforts are going with the tide without knowing it or against it (without knowing it!).

Ned Raggett (Ned), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 19:33 (twenty-three years ago)

Can I derail this thread to talk about Dave Eggers? I just recently started reading contemporary stuff after reading nothing but history books for a decade and I fucking started with AHWOSG. Then I went to a book-signing and bought the new one. Dave was really nice and funny, honestly. But I don't think I get it. Are you supposed to get it?

Also I would like to know the answer to the real question, so feel free to answer than and not derail the thread.

teeny (teeny), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 21:05 (twenty-three years ago)

If there is a Thing in contemporary literature, I'm happy to ignore it. I read lots of contemporary authors, but they're all pretty diverse. I'm very fond of the breakdown of the novel as a genre or even metagenre, and the incorporation of history, diary, travel writing etc. into it. Delillo, McSweeney's et al mostly bore me, tho there's some good stuff there. Actually I just realized I don't read a lot of contemporary Americans.

Does anyone else think DFW is absolutely the most plodding, dull and uninspired stylist evah? He's ok at nonfiction, but jesus... BIWHM and what little I got through in IJ made me think he was autistic to the point of near-institutionalization.

chzd (synkro), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 21:14 (twenty-three years ago)

The question makes me think of Tom's comment about "Common People" on his Top Singles list, about that sense of communal excitement that surrounds a really great pop single. This is the opposite of what I look for from books, and the increasingly hysterical press and promotional departments that try to big up whichever author as the Next Big Thing (Franzen, Zadie Smith, whoever) seem pretty sad, like someone's little brother always tagging along where they're not wanted.

chzd (synkro), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 21:20 (twenty-three years ago)

I think a coupla years ago THE THING was McSweeney's (ie Eggers+Moody+Lethem+Marcus+Wallace/Zadie). But those people have taken one hell of a beating (much like Liverpool tonite). I don't think the DeLillo/Powers path leads anywhere interesting in literary terms (tho' probably quite interesting in philosophical [ie the 'novel of ideas'] terms). These days, I know not, and read contemp. po. instead. I think the English Novelist David Mitchell is promising. Murukami could still do something amazing. I think, in the US, in terms of the novel, the struggle is w/Pynchon and Franzen nevah got near the ring. Saunders could do something, if he got down to a full-length book. Probably, we are waiting for a book to illustrate the thesis of 'Empire' to be enshrined as the 1st great book ov da C21.

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:03 (twenty-three years ago)

HOUELLEBECQ

Mary (Mary), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:18 (twenty-three years ago)

Mary: Houllebecqc is SO '99 and I want to rescind my votes for your best 5 of 2002 list.

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:26 (twenty-three years ago)

Now, now, then, how about JONATHAN COE, (I only list authors who have companion CDs out on the Tricatel label.)

Mary (Mary), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:43 (twenty-three years ago)

Pthtpththtphthtph!

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:43 (twenty-three years ago)

jonathan coe used to write for the wire!!

mark s (mark s), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:46 (twenty-three years ago)

Oh dear, Jerry!, I must go recheck your top 5's. You were the poetry guy, yes? What do you think about The Captain Lands in Paradise?

So what don't you like about JC? And tell me about David Mitchell...?

Mary (Mary), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 22:49 (twenty-three years ago)

JC = no one in England's idea of THE THING, I think. More like: Hornby for the more-than-1.2-books-a-year brigade. [Although Coe is supposed to be writing a biog. BS Johnson, which suggests mad hidden depths].

DM=the author of 'Ghostwritten' and 'no.9Dream'. He's still a bit derivative (but derivative of interesting influences, ie Calvino, Murakami, Auster), but he is - by a long way, I think - the most intersting Eng. novelist under 40.

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 23:02 (twenty-three years ago)

Yes, I had very high hopes for JC, as he was endorsed by the wonderful Tricatel people, but a friend/coworker just lent me his new book, Rotters' Club, and after reading half of it what I said to him was, oh, it's a Hornby-ish lit-lite then isn't it...?

Oh, I've heard of those DM titles, haven't read anything...Anyway, I think Murakami & Auster are pretty much lite-lit themselves, but Murakami's current short story collection is pretty ok...

By the way, I'm using this thread just as a means to talk about current literature, not to make any claims toward it-thingness...

Lynne Tillman's collection of stories, This is Not It is pretty good...

And maybe Gareth will come to thread to talk about Nicola Barker...?

Mary (Mary), Tuesday, 12 November 2002 23:18 (twenty-three years ago)

b-but mary I want you to talk about it-thingness!

Josh (Josh), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 02:17 (twenty-three years ago)

Oh but Josh, I don't really view literature in terms of it-thingness, rather just what happens to be the it thing for me at a certain moment, that's why I said Houellebecq, because he is one of the few writing right now that seems to say anything to me, that said, Platform is a dud; in fact, I didn't want to say, to sound like reverse snobbery, but I found the whole McSweeney's thing tiring in the extreme from the outset...though one of the recent journals, with a bird on the cover, is purty...Anyway, I'll post back again if anything comes to mind, I'll be looking at a lot of books tomorrow for possible inclusion in end of year poll...

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 02:30 (twenty-three years ago)

i heart jerry the nipper (though i really cannot imagine murakami doing anything great). not sure as to the answer to the original q - certainly mcsweeney's/houellebecq are v 99/00.

toby (tsg20), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 02:52 (twenty-three years ago)

I'm not necessarily looking for agreement with the itness either, or approval of it. just, you know, if you've heard anything.

Josh (Josh), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 02:56 (twenty-three years ago)

well, i guess zadie smith's still doing well, and i guess she's just ripping off david foster wallace (at least according the reviews i read - particularly the one in the lrb). and donna tartt. maybe the thing at the mo = 2nd novels from young female writers?!

toby (tsg20), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 03:02 (twenty-three years ago)

What did Ben Marcus take a beating for, other than being in McSweeneys? The only thing I've read by him was Notable American Women, but dear Jesus, it's brilliant. And mad. But mostly brilliant. And mad.

Andrew Farrell (afarrell), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 03:13 (twenty-three years ago)

Well, Josh, I don't think that things have changed a lot since 'awhile back" -- lit. doesn't really move at a lightning pace, that's why I find these suggestions of Houellebecq's passeness laughable -- I wonder, is Dickens passe then?--, though they are hopefully intended in an ironic manner -- DeLillo is god, Gaddis is godfather, Franzen & DFW are their literary progency, Moody is hanging on by a thread --sorry Rick, I hope he doesn't read the boards, I live such a rich fantasy life! -- though I don't believe DFW has done anything of note for awhile...

I guess people are looking to see how/if success will change the Franze, I feel that people were upset with his recent bk of essays -- How to Be Alone --bc it didn't really address this...

Some people in some circles are avidly awaiting the debut novel of Nell Freudenburg (sp?) when it comes out it will most likely be shoved down everyone's throats in the most tasteful manner conceivable...

Oh, I just saw Toby's message, actually both those novels were fairly poorly received in the press anyway, I'm not sure how they're doing among the 'real' readers, I read the Tartt and I thought it was awful...

And Jeffrey Eugenides long-awaited follow up to Virgin Suicides is also scagworthy...

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 03:14 (twenty-three years ago)

Oh -- this worked once before -- maybe again(?) --Nory to thread!

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 03:16 (twenty-three years ago)

the mention of trying to follow pynchon may suggest a particular interpretation of my question - something about a tradition of pushing-the-edges-of-novel-as-a-category-of-literature. I guess I'm interested in both that, and like other stuff that's going on. but novels that have done nothing really stylistically or formally new - that just like are about new people or current people or whatever - those interest me less. though I still want to hear about those.

I guess I'm just wondering what happened to the state of opinion ca 5 years ago that was heavily in favor of the sorts of things I mentioned above. it seems to have evaporated.

Josh (Josh), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 03:31 (twenty-three years ago)

I met Rick Moody. He enjoyed calling me Byron the Bulb.

bnw (bnw), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 04:15 (twenty-three years ago)

I think Ben Marcus' 'Notable American Women' hints a bit at what you're talking about Josh, in that it takes the semiotics stuff thought to stream OUT of novels and folds it INTO the actual fabric of the narrative (about the power of names, language, etc.) Barth and lots of others have done that in the past, but it could stand as an interesting realization of the wave you're talking about (if you want to read it that way). Same more or less goes for Shelley Jackson's really excellent short-story collection 'The Melancholy of Anatomy.'

And to the DFW doubters/haters here: seek out his newish story "Good Old Neon" (published in the Conjunctions lit journal and recently in the new O Henry Awards book) and see if that doesn't wipe away the suspicion re his recent stuff. Or for that matter the "Mr. Squishy'" one he wrote as Elizabeth Klemm in McSweeney's # 5.

Andy, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 04:39 (twenty-three years ago)

Rick Moody seems like a good guy. The Black Veil on the other hand...

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 05:12 (twenty-three years ago)

B-but Andy, 2 short stories in 6 years doth not = a great spate of production [she says trying to obscure the fact that she has not read -- going to fish out O Henry right now will return with partial verdict!]

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 05:24 (twenty-three years ago)

'The Black Veil'...my oh my.

And Wallace's 'Brief Interviews' collection came out in '99, so he's not exactly lazing about. Curious to hear what you think of Neon: it's dizzingly self-conscious (not about writing but about self-consciousness), but it's one of those stories that hit on big stuff and burn off the page like nobody else's I can think of.

Andy, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 06:13 (twenty-three years ago)

Is Eco's new one any good?

Dan I., Wednesday, 13 November 2002 06:18 (twenty-three years ago)

No Dan, it suxor! Andy, I just read the first few pages of Neon and had to throw it down in horror. More later...

I like Lynne Tillman, she gets at the essential truths of the human experience, hahaha, no really she is good!

[Returning warily, ever warily, to the Neon one...]

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 06:45 (twenty-three years ago)

I am now sad and will represent the emotion thusly: :(

Dan I., Wednesday, 13 November 2002 07:45 (twenty-three years ago)

haha can we talk about trends in poetry?

(hmmmn . . . "derivative of interesting influences" is v.v.true re : DM (which is why I've enjoyed him immensely, but never thought of him as anything other than enjoyable (haha bcz great leaps forward should required waders) - however I haven't been following EngLit))

ps josh can you talk about contemporary russian lit which isn't pelevin/etc? (haha c'mon, LIMONOV!)

flibbertigibbett, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 08:37 (twenty-three years ago)

ancient chinese love stories mixed in with mucho martial arts and questions of identity. Where have you guys be hanging out?

Queen G (Queeng), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 11:27 (twenty-three years ago)

I most certainly cannot! I do have a big book of stories edited by erofeev I think but the best I could do for you is tell you who's in it cuz my russian is poor now at best.

Josh (Josh), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 16:26 (twenty-three years ago)

2 short stories in 6 years doth not = a great spate of production

It's not unheard of for novelists to toil away in relative silence for 10 years on a novel, is it? I don't know if this is what DFW's doing, but it wouldn't be too unusual, would it? Let's face it, it takes longer to write a novel than it does to make a movie or a record.

o. nate (onate), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 17:07 (twenty-three years ago)

Let's face it, it takes longer to write a novel than it does to make a movie or a record.

NaNoWriMo specifically is dedicated to disproving this proposition. Okay, so it's more a novella at heart...

Ned Raggett (Ned), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 17:14 (twenty-three years ago)

Andy -- I have now read half of the DFW short and it gives me a big headache! Perhaps there is a redeeming payoff at the end? Where is Gareth?

Mary (Mary), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 17:19 (twenty-three years ago)

Mary, I've passed your request along to Nory.

I think there's something quite wrong with wedging Zadie Smith and David Foster Wallace together. I mean this because I was dearly hoping White Teeth might lead into an actual New Thing in lit. It was the first thing I'd read in a long time that took such a sense of pleasure in the act of storytelling; it read like Dickens, so far as I was concerned; or rather, it read like a happy kid doing Dickens, taking pleasure less in the story/characters/dialogue than in the process of writing them out, building them up. (It read like fiction might be what I'm saying.)

I was hoping for a groundswell of this sort of thing -- blow away the stilted cleverness of certain McSweeneyites and their even worse bids at weightiness and take us back to the simple fact of young people having fun painting odd funny pictures of what life is actually like. But it looks as if Zadie wants to hop straight ahead to being Serious and Meaningful and Too Be Reckoned With, and I'm not up-to-speed enough to know what else could fill this gap. Mary? Anything? (I've gotten a bit of this vibe out of Antrim, too, but White Teeth seems the flagship -- it was like the best-ever "I've been working on a novel" that a friend in an undergrad writing course would hand you.)

nabisco (nabisco), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 17:53 (twenty-three years ago)

Another way of putting that: it should have had a sticker on the front that said I MADE THIS UP! IT WAS FUN! Also I should clarify that I like "certain McSweeneyites," though the thing as a whole is not only awful awful but potentially warping an entire mini-generation of punchable aspiring writers.

nabisco (nabisco), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 17:56 (twenty-three years ago)

take us back to the simple fact of young people having fun painting odd funny pictures of what life is actually like.

This is the most un-Nabisco-like sentence I have evah read!

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:03 (twenty-three years ago)

take us back to the simple fact of young people having fun painting odd funny pictures of what life is actually like

Hey, I'm trying! In my own way. ;-)

Ned Raggett (Ned), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:07 (twenty-three years ago)

for a while it seemed to me that the thing was writing second person narrative or in the present tense? Both techniques I find a bit awkward, has it died down? I am reading mostly older stuff these days...

g (graysonlane), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:08 (twenty-three years ago)

has anyone read The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay?

is it worth my time?

g (graysonlane), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:09 (twenty-three years ago)

taking pleasure less in the story/characters/dialogue than in the process of writing them out, building them up. (It read like fiction might be what I'm saying.)

I'm sure I'm not the first to suggest this, but have you tried the Harry Potter books?

Andrew Farrell (afarrell), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:10 (twenty-three years ago)

Un-Nabisco-like? Really? It's just that I think the entire idea of literature becomes really damaged if every 20-year-old writer is already aspiring to write the great weighty formally-inventive masterwork of a 70-year-old; there is so nothing wrong with young writers writing big funny picaresque novels about everyday things they care about, and the refusal to accept this is why so many perfectly intelligent people are reduced to half-heartedly reading Nick Hornby and Helen Fielding. It's like a music world in which you've got Pop Idol and everyone else is trying to be Stockhausen.

(NB: I have not read nearly enough lately for anyone to take this argument seriously -- I'm just hoping this complain will make everyone say "what about so-and-so" so I can read so-and-so. So!)

G: everyone seems to love Cavalier and Clay. It fits into this thing I'm asking for above, actually -- and yet I really, really hated it.

Andrew: sure, I read the Potter books. That's not entirely what I mean, though -- what I was hoping would happen was a momentary relaxation of the current modes of "serious" literature, a little moment where things went a bit less calculated and careerist and people seemed to be just spilling joyously about Right Now.

nabisco (nabisco), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:13 (twenty-three years ago)

I also thought Vollmann was the thing for a while but I have not managed to plow throw much of his stuff really, same with Gaddis in fact.

g (graysonlane), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:25 (twenty-three years ago)

Vollman is GRATE but he is hardly the "thing".

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:30 (twenty-three years ago)

Indeed each new book seems kustom-krafted to further alienate his readership.

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:31 (twenty-three years ago)

Well Mary, the suicide part is pretty electric, and the mention of Berry's Paradox is fun to try and wrap your brain around (at least symbolic-logic-loving brains). The rest probably won't turn hatred on its head, but I can't get enough of it.

Did anyone read Mark Costello's 'Big If'? I didn't like it much, but that's a recent one lots of people dug that hasn't been mentioned here.

Andy, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:39 (twenty-three years ago)

Some of "the things" in fiction right now: Alice Sebold and other such books that might as well be categorized as Young Adult; LIFE OF PI, THE CRIMSON PETAL AND THE WHITE, and all else involving Canongate; FAMILY MATTERS by Rohinton Mistry; THE NANNY DIARIES and the 1 zillion ripoffs of THE NANNY DIARIES; the new Eugenides, as mentioned above; the new Ha Jin; "mommy lit" (as compared to the "chick lit" and "dick lit" of the recent past)

It is difficult to see major trends right now in quality literature. I think, even though the McSweeney's thing became so tiresome (and still, every fifth cover letter we get for a novel says, "author was published in McSweeney's," "in the vein of "McSweeney's," etc.), it seemed hopeful for a while, starting maybe two or three years ago, that novels by lesser-known authors who were experimenting with literature might become more visible to the general public.

Now, with war, economy, etc. to worry about, I think most readers are looking for even more escapism in their fiction than usual. Thus, you have trends toward things that are very easy to read and often from a child's or young adult's point of view (a la THE LOVELY BONES), presumably because this makes people feel more hopeful. The other major trend I see is toward long (perhaps even near-epic), often historical, extremely plot-based books, which allow people to get easily absorbed. Sadly, you have far fewer book buyers these days who are purchasing literature just because it is interesting or different.

Then again, you have FAR fewer book buyers these days in general, which could be why it's more difficult to see the trends (the difference between book units sold this month last year and this month this year, for example, is disturbingly large).

Publishers are also dealing with budget cuts, so the chances of them taking on new and interesting authors are slimmer than ever.

The Zadie Smith thing is too bad...if her second novel had been more in the vein of WHITE TEETH, I bet people would've gone nuts over it right now.

And I'd like to predict that the Nell Freudenberger (or whatever her name is) will be a major disappointment. It's gotten way too much hype. And she got way too much money (her advance was many hundreds of thousands of dollars, based on ONE story in the New Yorker) to ever live up to it. (note--that's the #1 best way to get a book published--get one short story in the NEw Yorker fiction issue)

And I liked Kavalier & Clay very much. It's not an amazing work of literature, or anything, but it's fun and absorbing.

I think I've gone on for long enough, don't you?

nory (nory), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:56 (twenty-three years ago)

i'm sort of surprised no one has mentioned 'everything is illuminated' in this thread yet.

i really like tristan egolf -- he was sorta the thing i guess 3 or so years ago, and his new book is an absolute joyride -- prose that makes one giddy, plot twists that should be on rollercoasters, a low strappy-shoe-angst quotient.

also i didn't enjoy that nell freudenberger nyer story at all. le sigh.

maura (maura), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 18:58 (twenty-three years ago)

get one short story in the NEw Yorker fiction issue

How depressing.

i'm sort of surprised no one has mentioned 'everything is illuminated' in this thread yet.

Dare I say it, the cover put me off. As did the theme, actually.

Ned Raggett (Ned), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 19:23 (twenty-three years ago)

Ned you sell out! Your answer should have been: "People pay attention to the WORDS in books?? Me, I just gaze contentedly at the beautiful covers ;-)"

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 19:32 (twenty-three years ago)

Bah! I NEED NOT THINE MOCKERY. ;-)

Ned Raggett (Ned), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 19:38 (twenty-three years ago)

I think I have given up following the whole thing. I have been hiding in a circle of not-largely distributed litmags. What happened to the Gordon Lish writers, aka Gary Lutz, Brian Evenson, Diane Williams, etc.? Are they still considered big stuff? What about Mary Robison's "Why Did I Ever"--did anyone else read that?

M----e, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 19:50 (twenty-three years ago)

Anyone enjoy Gayl Jones's The Healing and Mosquito? I don't read much fiction. (I don't read much literature.) ((These days I don't even read much.))

Rockist Scientist, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 20:01 (twenty-three years ago)

W.G. Sebald, until his untimely passing, was one of the few writers who could make me feel excited about contemporary lit.

o. nate (onate), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 20:21 (twenty-three years ago)

Oh, Sterling, I thought he was at one point the current greatest American writer of his generation. But I am out of the loop on this I admit/.

g (graysonlane), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 20:26 (twenty-three years ago)


Nabisco: I totally disagree with you about Z Smith. What you consider fresh and exciting, I find tired and embarrassing; what you take as happy-go-lucky and adventurous, I reckon modish and grating.

What I've heard about the second book (ie, mainly, quotations) makes it sound not radically different, but [the same, but even more irritating].

It's conceivable that our difference is partly a result of different hype machines in US and UK. ZS was / is a sort of broadsheet bore here, a background noise, rather than sth that one could joyously discover alone.

the pinefox, Wednesday, 13 November 2002 21:34 (twenty-three years ago)

g. -- I still think he's the greatest writer around but I mean he's not a literary "thing" right now and like he went all prostitute-emo with The Royal Family, moreso than ever before, so shook the readership got into him for his more historical stuff, then Argall was so straightahead that he shook all the "crazy prose" mob and probably also the "historical reinterpretation" crew and like I think he has little left because his wildly oscilating style and swings of approach don't work well for a long-term fanbase.

Then he's got this huge 2000+ page book which is a meditation and essay on violence which no publisher will touch -- I'll probably love it though if I ever see it as I thought the "Bail" chapter was the best part of The Royal Family, almost too perfect.

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 21:51 (twenty-three years ago)

Shit, am late to Algonquin Round Table. Am very pro-Zadie (see threads passim). Also: James Flint, Michel Faber (Under the Skin better than Crimson Petal), Ali Smith. Liked Donna Tartt's new one for the subject matter.

Not terribly into McSweeney's - too blokey. Too branded.

Did you guys know that Lynne Ramsay bought the film rights to The Lovely Bones *months* ago?

***this is a piss-poor showing for a literary editor, but I've made much less effort being one over the past few months due to generally less space to cover stuff (do not get me started) and Home Improvement (also do not get me started)***

suzy (suzy), Wednesday, 13 November 2002 23:40 (twenty-three years ago)

The Algonquin Round Table, good one! I think Antrim is all that, cheers Gareth, wherever you are. Andy, I think that Machado de Assis did what DFW is trying to do, better, in the 19th century. I find his prose in this story very clumsy and joyless, I guess that's what he's trying to get across, but I find it a bit tedious. Oh, and actually I read the Ben Marcus today, am a hater. Ditto for Melancholy of Anatomy. Thanks Nory, I'll try to stop summoning you, yes, 'mommy lit,' though gagworthy to me, seems enticing to some, see Joy Press's review in next week's Voice. Did anyone read Lovely Bones and like it, or hate it, did anyone read it? Do you mean that it's young adult lit in that it's for young adults, or that it's told from the viewpoint of one? I dig Vollman. Maybe what Josh's question is underscoring is that there is no one or more thing(s) in lit. right now...

Mary (Mary), Thursday, 14 November 2002 00:52 (twenty-three years ago)

Yay Joy. Mary, do you know her too?

suzy (suzy), Thursday, 14 November 2002 00:56 (twenty-three years ago)

Yes, actually I intern for Voice Books and VLS...

Mary (Mary), Thursday, 14 November 2002 01:14 (twenty-three years ago)

Mary, you like a lot of the same as me and I still haven't enjoyed any contemporary as much as Houellebecq either and can I just note here it's not perhaps so much subject matter as style? Maybe? His style is overlooked but he skates well between poetic and prosaic so difficult to do. But I'm disappointed because I hoped that you seeming as you do to read more contemporary lit than me would have found something else something new and as good! I like other things like Mark Leyner and Irvine Welsh and Marian Keyes ... none of them are a 'happening' scene though, um, obviously. There honestly should be some kind of happening it-thing coming from followers of Houellebecq but there doesn't seem to be. You know 'new [antinomian] moralists' but then I guess, nobody really followed Baudelaire ... except stylistically ...

(But there is a connection between all those writers I like: comic novelists ... I just read 'The Reader,' the first non-comic book I've read for ages, and thought it was really good. I'm joining the book club.)

maryann, Thursday, 14 November 2002 04:06 (twenty-three years ago)

has houellebecq writ anything new since "atomised"? wow i know even less about what's happening in literature than in music, cool.

unknown or illegal user (doorag), Thursday, 14 November 2002 04:28 (twenty-three years ago)

Hello Mr. Unknown or Illegal User, aka Doorag, yeah, Houellebecq recently came out with Platform, or in French Platforme, a tale of a disgruntled Frenchman who goes to Thailand and samples Thai prostitution, it's out now in England, it hasn't been published yet in America, but I got a copy, and unfortunately, it is not so strong, there are some good lines, but overall...

Maryann -- I would be intrersted to read Houellebecq's poetry, have you read any? Well, someone translated for me some of the stuff he did with Bertrand B., and it was good -- but it would be nice to get an English lang. collection of poems from him...Perhaps we should follow Michel and be the new neo-atomized/ Baudelerian refuse??

Actually, I'm not so bothered that I'm not so excited by any new stuff, more time to read classic stuff, for instance, next I will read Radclyffe Hall's Well of Loneliness which our friend Stephen Morrissey referenced at his last show...

"A 1920s classic of lesbian fiction," or, in the ILE world, all roads lead back to "and then they all lezzed it up!"

Mary (Mary), Thursday, 14 November 2002 06:04 (twenty-three years ago)

the other thing my question is underscoring, mary, is that I am a picky high-modernist-tradition snob about literature haha. which makes me wonder something else: before say the 1880s, was there much idea of 'the development of literature' in the sense I'm thinking of, where the novel e.g. is such that those who cannot succeed/respond to/top/whatever pynchon (or whomever you annoint) is only of minor interest? and that the other stuff going on is just like flavor-of-the-year stuff, or people telling more stories in old styles and forms?

(I realize I have put that contentiously, but I'm tired.)

Josh (Josh), Thursday, 14 November 2002 06:23 (twenty-three years ago)

I have to stop using this editor that only lets me see part of my sentences at once. or write shorter sentences.

Josh (Josh), Thursday, 14 November 2002 06:25 (twenty-three years ago)

(This is completely tangential to that question, Josh, but I think the self-consciousness that came with modernism + the self-consciousness that came with film and television as rival sources of narrative => highbrow literature in a mad scramble to figure out what its point is and why exactly we should be paying attention to it, and it's precisely the lack of a meaningful common background of "more stories in old forms" that makes this such a difficult effort.)

Back to Jonathan Coe for a second: what is it about him that makes me feel like he should be a good writer, even though he's not, not at all? (I'm starting to think that Hornby comparisons basically mean "he/she writes movie scripts in prose form instead of books," as this is dead-on for both of them and everyone else it gets said of: this is sort of what I mean about the self-consciousness of rival narrative forms, just like painting was ridiculously thrown by photography.)

I must read Houellebecq, but I am frightened, as I typically hate personality-driven writers where I find the "personality" distasteful -- my mental image is of Louis-Ferdinand Celine with more fucking and less historical remove, which is just I dunno: Mary, please tell me why I should go ahead with this (keeping in mind that if I read and dislike it I can diminish your supply of the university-press paperbacks that I think we all know are the life-blood of the VLS.) (Saddest joke I've ever made.)

nabisco (nabisco), Thursday, 14 November 2002 07:03 (twenty-three years ago)

(NB: I think "lack of a meaningful common background of 'more stories in old forms'" means something like fragmentation, a constant flow of literary fiction semi-genre stuff and then vast waves of midlist novels that people read but people haven't read in common, meaning it almost doesn't exist -- though once again my current-fiction reading has seriously dropped off lately so I may be talking out of the wrong orifice.)

Also: has anyone read Life of Pi, or am I forced to rely on the NYTBR here?

nabisco (nabisco), Thursday, 14 November 2002 07:09 (twenty-three years ago)

scramble? they've had ages now!

I try to avoid books with 'pi' in the title as a rule.

nb 'pie' is ok

Josh (Josh), Thursday, 14 November 2002 07:21 (twenty-three years ago)

Josh the "novel" I think didn't achieve consciousness as a thing itself until the 1880s. And pretty much the moment it did it was questioning itself. (I think)

You really should read Bakhtin on the novel to get a fuller sense, because in some ways this is part of what he argues. It is an incorporative form, in dialogue with and flight from itself.

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Thursday, 14 November 2002 07:35 (twenty-three years ago)

hm, I just assumed that there must've been a point before the modernist impulses kicked in, but there were still novels consciously treated as such. my knowledge of the historical development of the forms is poor. 'people just telling stories' etc sounds to me like a hope for some prelapsarian (pre-modernism) novel. (but what about the tradition of stuff alongside high-modernism that remained more or less 'just telling stories'? well uh make a case for its being important, I guess.)

Josh (Josh), Thursday, 14 November 2002 07:50 (twenty-three years ago)

Bakhtin deliniated between novels as such and "genre novels" which he saw as pulp entertainment. Or maybe that was lukcas, I forget. It sounds more lukcas but I can see them both saying it. Either way it always bugged me but I've never seen a good treatment of "genre" novels though I have of "genre" film and certainly have my own appreciation of "genre" music (i.e. pop) anyway.

The best argument against a normative "novel" prelapsarian form is that the earliest novels by common defintion were as narratively fucked-up and authorial-voice-questioning as any today in some ways. Especially especially Tristam Shandy.

I guess Dickens established the "prototypical" novel as much as anyone though. On the other hand, I think he blows chunks. Like big chunks. And there's probably a case to be made for all the strikingly original things he did, but he bores me shitless too much for me to notice them.

Oddly enough I have virtually no appreciation for the "genre" novel these days, though I obv. groove on both film and music of that sort. Similarly "genre" poetry.

I suspect that this is because novels/poetry have been so thoroughly displaced from their cultural position that film/music do the things that used to be interesting about them. Only when novels do things that film/music really can't can they make any case for their continued existance.

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Thursday, 14 November 2002 08:02 (twenty-three years ago)

Jerry - do you have any more word on that Coe/B.S. Johnson biog? I remember reading abt it at least a cpl of years ago, but it all seems to have gone a bit quiet recently (I don't rate Coe v. highly, so my interest is of the carcrash-fascination variety, mostly.) I thought the reissue of 'The Unfortunates' could've been an urgent + key moment for modern Brit Lit, esp. in these hypermediated, postmodern, post-interweb times blahblah, but - the useless Alain DeBotton apart - nobody seems to have really paid it much attention.

Also agree abt Saunders, who still seems to me to be the most 'promising' writer of the whole post-Barthelme 'school'.

Andrew L (Andrew L), Thursday, 14 November 2002 09:19 (twenty-three years ago)

Random question -- how many novelists have ever actively studied and/or talked about theories of the novel separate from anything actually inside their fictive work, ie in lectures, essays and interviews?

I dunno, it just sorta struck me right now that the last thing I'd want to do now that I'm actually getting comfortable with the idea of writing extended manuscripts is want to go back and read more theory. Seems counterintuitive.

Ned Raggett (Ned), Thursday, 14 November 2002 09:35 (twenty-three years ago)

Andrew - I keep on seeing the BS Johnson biog listed in FORTHCOMING catalogues, but still no sign of it. I agree with you that he's a kind of unquiet ghost in modern BritLit - nobody's really dealt with his example convincingly. Though - funnily enough - I talked about this with Paul Morley when I interviewed him a couple of years ago when 'Nothing' came out. PM is a big fan (I think he even includes BSJ on the acknowledgement page). I think maybe the qualities a lot of us find absent from modern britlit actually burrowed their way into pop and film writing - I wish Morley (and Penman, and David Thomson [though he HAS written a few... and I think 'Suspects' is one of the great lost novels of the 80s]) would take up writing (more) novels.

I was a bit hard on Coe early on this thread. I think he's a much better writer than Hornby, for the record (The Pinefox is a big fan of 'What a carve up!' too)... but I don't think an epic trilogy about public schools in the 1970s is possibly the best use of his talent.

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Thursday, 14 November 2002 10:13 (twenty-three years ago)

b-but they were the style labs of... oh wait

mark s (mark s), Thursday, 14 November 2002 10:22 (twenty-three years ago)

TRILOGY? I thort it was just going to be in two parts.

Alan (Alan), Thursday, 14 November 2002 10:39 (twenty-three years ago)

I gave The Rotters' Club a very lukewarm review when it came out, and everyone was acting all high on it.

suzy (suzy), Thursday, 14 November 2002 11:24 (twenty-three years ago)

(Josh, the call needn't be for any "return" to a "prelapsarian" mode, only some effort not to lose track of the original pleasures of the form; it becomes difficult to sustain any sort of progress or creation if one's removed oneself from that central, original impulse, doesn't it?)

(Also it's not the life of ð, it's the life of a person named Pi, which for all I know might well be pronounced like the fluid: does that make the title okay? There's a tiger in it.)

nabisco (nabisco), Thursday, 14 November 2002 15:53 (twenty-three years ago)

(Testing: Ð Ð ð Ö × Ø Ù Û Î Ð Ñ Ó, life of Ð.)

nabisco (nabisco), Thursday, 14 November 2002 15:54 (twenty-three years ago)

oh well that might be ok (the FLUID? ew) but the tiger probably ruins it

Josh (Josh), Thursday, 14 November 2002 15:56 (twenty-three years ago)

I think "lack of a meaningful common background of 'more stories in old forms'" means something like fragmentation, a constant flow of literary fiction semi-genre stuff and then vast waves of midlist novels that people read but people haven't read in common, meaning it almost doesn't exist

novels/poetry have been so thoroughly displaced from their cultural position that film/music do the things that used to be interesting about them. Only when novels do things that film/music really can't can they make any case for their continued existance.

just wanted to chime in that these two comments from nabisco & sterling are k-classic, and that they sort of sum up my whole reason for reading fiction/demi-fiction: to find oddities and back alleys and fortean anomalies which interrupt the constant buzzy background hum (which I also love) and introduce hiccups and silences into the conversation. sour grapes on a thread like this, i know, but i'm still entertained that these were cast as 'thingness' or reasons for a lack of 'thingness'.

chzd (synkro), Thursday, 14 November 2002 17:04 (twenty-three years ago)

"I must read Houellebecq, but I am frightened, as I typically hate personality-driven writers where I find the "personality" distasteful"

Hmm, Maryann and I has this issue out over on the What are you reading when not on ILE thread...My original thoughts were that his press personality was a sort of facade, but now I am not so sure...what other writers do you consider 'personality driven'? I guess right now Rushdie seems to be, but in a sad way...

"-- my mental image is of Louis-Ferdinand Celine with more fucking and less historical remove"

And this is a bad thing?

"Mary, please tell me why I should go ahead with this"

Oh, I'm not really Houellebecq's ILE rep, though I sometimes pretend to be. I'm sure there are others who could offer better insight...But, for me, I like his style, his insights, le depressisme or whatever...Less so do I like the brutal sexual exploits that come to the fore in Elementary Particles. I prefer something like Sade, which has more humor. I would start out with Whatever, which has many Britishisms which may be off-putting, blimey!, it's short and quick, you can read it in a day or two. I f you like that go on to Elementary Particles, and if it turns out you like Houellebecq, you and I can party like it's 1999 the next time you're in town! Maryann to thread!

Can someone tell me about Saunders?

Mary (Mary), Thursday, 14 November 2002 21:01 (twenty-three years ago)

Oh, and I forgot, he recorded an album with Betrand Burgalat = he is HOT!

Mary (Mary), Thursday, 14 November 2002 21:04 (twenty-three years ago)

George Saunders has written a couple of short story collections ('CivilWarLand in Bad Decline' and 'Pastoralia') which deal with, erm, sad people working in theme parks. But don't let that put you off! He's very post-Barthelmian (but the humanist, later Barthelme), and Pynchon came out of hiding to rave about the first book. But don't let that you put off either! He has real heart: he's very funny and touching and poignant, and writes about the way humans bump against corporations and corporate language in a way I don't think anyone else really does. He seems to be feeling towards writing a novel, but (like Don B) never seems to quite get there. There's a terrific piece '4 institutional monologues', which was in one of the boxed McSwy's, which may be the best thing he's done. He's also written a kid's book 'The very persistent gappers of fipp' or something - I've never seen it, but Andrew L probably has a copy : )

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Thursday, 14 November 2002 21:35 (twenty-three years ago)

The Very Persistent Gappers of Fripp was tremendous, and actually clarifies a lot of the self-esteem and want vs. deserve themes running through his other stuff: it's all about a little girl named Capable! And yes, "Four Institutional Monologues" is likely the best of all Saunders and certainly the best thing ever to come out of McSweeney's -- Saunders isn't a literate type (he was an engineer, actually), but he has an amazing skill for dissecting the languages of management, of popular psychological thought, of bureacracy.

Here's his self-empowerment guru making a speech:

Now, if someone came up and crapped in your nice warm oatmeal, what would you say? Would you say: "Wow, super, thanks, please continue crapping in my oatmeal"? Am I being silly? I'm being a little silly. But guess what, in real life people come up and crap in your oatmeal all the time -— friends, co-workers, loved ones, even your kids, especially your kids! -— and that's exactly what you do. You say, "Thanks so much!" You say, "Crap away!" You say, and here my metaphor breaks down a bit, "Is there some way I can help you crap in my oatmeal?"

And here's a middle-aged man suddenly deconstructing his own mental fantasy of an affair with a random pregnant woman walking down the street:

It was sort of a pain living with Ma. But Miss Hacienda had better be prepared to tolerate Ma, who was actually pretty good company when she stayed on her meds, and so what if she was nearly eighty and went around the house flossing in her bra? It was her damn house. He'd better never hear Miss Hacienda say a word against Ma, who'd paid his way through barber college, like for example asking why Ma had thick sprays of gray hair growing out of her ears, because that would kill Ma, who was always reminding the gas man she'd been a dish in high school. How would Miss Hacienda like it if after a lifetime of hard work she got wrinkled and forgetful and some knocked-up slot dressed like a Mexican cowgirl moved in and started complaining about her ear hair? Who did Miss Hacienda think she was, the Queen of Sheba? She could go into labor in the damn Episcopal church for all he cared, he'd keep wanking it in the pantry on the little milking stool for the rest of his life before he'd let Ma be hurt, and that was final.

nabisco (nabisco), Thursday, 14 November 2002 21:41 (twenty-three years ago)

Also I am regretting my original contributions to this thread; I think it sounds like I want everyone to write traditional narrative novels, which isn't what I mean at all. (If it helps at all, let me say that I'd put most Calvino in the same category I'm mentally putting Smith, spirit-wise; half the time he seems like a happy little elf somewhere who's amusing the hell out of himself making up beautiful stories.)

I am going to read Houllebecq, then. I am still trying to decide how to reconcile this Burgulat theory with April March. (I love April March, but.)

nabisco (nabisco), Thursday, 14 November 2002 21:43 (twenty-three years ago)

Mary - there was a H.beq site with lots of poetry on it but i think that's gone and now there's a good manifesto kind of thing called 'To Stay Alive' I think?

Sterling - Dickens is very funny, also he copied Shsp mainly (simple pattern of tragic scene/funny scene as he points out himself in I think Oliver Twist, that's the only reason I noticed) and apparently ripped off everyone else bigtime I guess Walter Scott etc as everyone did at that time tho I haven't read Scott. Don't expect originality from Dickens just humour, that's where he's serious, not in the melodrama.

Ned - I know Dostoevsky was pretty engaged with the theory of the time - wrote about Poe and the uncanny, it's easy to spot certain things in his work once you've read his 'reviews' -, I know the Russian and French novelists wrote loads of articles contesting various theories of the novel, mainly in the form of reviews - but did English novelists? I know what you mean, it feels really difficult to do 'theory' and feel comfortable with what you're doing yourself, but is this just specific to our (American-English) culture?

maryann, Thursday, 14 November 2002 21:58 (twenty-three years ago)

Robbe-Gillet and the "Noveau Roman" is probably the classic case of self-conscious literary development.

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Thursday, 14 November 2002 22:00 (twenty-three years ago)

oh, i've been called to thread thrice and i somehow missed the whole thread!

ok, i'm going to have to read the whole thing later on, cuz this is a listening rather than a talking thread for me. all my choices (houellebecq, barker, antrim, pelevin, sinclair) don't feel hugely recent.

i've skim read the thread, and see mentions of coe and smith from the americans, i'd agree with pinefox and suzy, over here i'd think those are kind of blah whatever.

burgalat is best with lemercier!

gareth (gareth), Friday, 15 November 2002 09:45 (twenty-three years ago)

"burgalat is best with lemercier!"

Oh, agreed! Though he is also quite good on his own (TSOM, well I know you're not so into it...) Hello Gareth, did someone here mention your name? Maybe you were too busy enjoying Britainsburg to hear the call to arms...?

Mary (Mary), Friday, 15 November 2002 12:18 (twenty-three years ago)

The Robbe-Grillet I read was fantastic right up until I keeled over catatonic and had to have someone read Dr. Doolittle to me to return to normal. I'm not sure why I liked the detailed description in Life: A User's Manual (the bureau in the northwest corner of the room had three drawers, each with two handles except for the bottommost, on which a handle was missing) and fought with it in Robbe-Grillet (there were exactly 64 banana trees, twelve meters apart in rows and colums of eight, with alternating rows and columns offset by a distance of six meters, except for the last row, which sloped etc....)

nabisco (nabisco), Friday, 15 November 2002 18:11 (twenty-three years ago)

Part-time ILM refugee speaking: Are people really concerned with the latest thing in lit? I can understand this with pop, because that's as much of a physical experience as something you listen to, but reading every latest young blade who's fluked a decent review must be like trawling through the microhouse backcatalogue. There are far too many unread classics to worry about the twitchiest of trends.

The Rotters' Club is OK, I'll be interested enough to read the sequel, but a more apt comparison is with JK Rowling rather than Nick Hornby, who I think is underrated here. I can't wait for the new Smith and Tartt novels to make their way to paperback, their firsts were both classics, and please don't be put off by Franzen hype, The Corrections is a heartbreaking work of staggering genius.

Mike (mratford), Friday, 15 November 2002 19:34 (twenty-three years ago)

I'm not really concerned, mike. just curious.

Josh (Josh), Friday, 15 November 2002 19:57 (twenty-three years ago)

Apologies Josh, my post reads like I was having a pop and that wasn't its intent at all. I was inarticulately trying to make the point that the language of pop shifts much more quickly than the language of literature, the Top 40 of today would appear a freakshow to a listener from 1985, whereas the Martin Amis readers, say, of the same period could quite happily pick up any of today's top lits.

Mike (mratford), Friday, 15 November 2002 20:38 (twenty-three years ago)

The part-time ILM refugee speaks much sense.

Mary (Mary), Friday, 15 November 2002 23:10 (twenty-three years ago)

But Joyce would appear like a freakshow to the reader of 1902! (Kipling had just published the 'Just so stories'!) And Pynchon might appear a bit freakish to the reader of 1943!

Mike's point is a good antidote to the next big thing aspect of the publishing industry, though. I guess I wonder whether we are likely to see in our lifetimes a change on the level of modernism. I'm a bit disappointed that there doesn't seem to have been more youthful high spirits, more 'we are living at the dawn of a new century!' bidniz from new writers, like there seems to have been at the beginning of the 20th C. I'm finding it a bit difficult to work up much enthusiasm for the new Tartt or Franzen being sold on the basis that "they are writing CLASSIC NOVELS just like what they usedta!"

Jerry the Nipper (Jerrynipper), Saturday, 16 November 2002 17:44 (twenty-three years ago)

more 'we are living at the dawn of a new century!' bidniz from new writers

I guess the answer there would be, what exactly is there new to do, or how is it being done? That may sound gauche, but sometimes I have to wonder, and I especially think that you can't force a sense of what is new anyway, it just has to happen. Also, considering what has happened in terms of 'storytelling'/fictive creation between then and now if you consider the impact of Hollywood and its stories being the ones more well known -- even if and especially when sourced from a novel or story -- then the 'new thing' in writing isn't going to be anywhere near as monumental in a wider sense (nice though that would be!).

So far this new century has seemed like the end of the old one with more threats of war. Um, joy?

Ned Raggett (Ned), Saturday, 16 November 2002 17:54 (twenty-three years ago)

Also problematic: the various "new things" of the present all come across as one-offs rather than genres -- David Markson's books, for instance, are genuinely new and inventive, but clearly only David Markson should be writing like that.

nabisco (nabisco), Saturday, 16 November 2002 19:24 (twenty-three years ago)

Who be Markson? Describe his style, plz. :-)

Ned Raggett (Ned), Saturday, 16 November 2002 22:36 (twenty-three years ago)

TS: Wittgenstein's Mistress vs. Wittgenstein's Nephew

(serious qn, btw. i liked the latter but haven't read the former yet)

Each book I've read is different Ned; "somewhere between Lautreamont and Flann O'Brien" wouldn't be totally inaccurate, tho it's a bit lame. Reader's Block is my favorite so far.

chzd (synkro), Saturday, 16 November 2002 22:57 (twenty-three years ago)

In the beginning, sometimes I left messages in the street.

Somebody is living in the Louvre, certain of the messages would say. Or in the National Gallery.

Naturally they could only say that when I was in Paris or in London. Somebody is living in the Metropolitan Museum, being what they would say when I was still in New York.

Nobody came, of course. Eventually I stopped leaving the messages.

To tell the truth, perhaps I left only three or four messages all together.

I have no idea how long ago it was when I was doing that. If I were forced to guess, I believe I would guess ten years.

Possibly it was several years longer ago than that, however.

And of course I was quite out of my mine for a certain period too, back then.

I do not know for how long a period, but for a certain period.

Time out of mind. Which is a phrase I suspect I may have never properly
understood, now that I happen to use it.

Time out of mind meaning mad, or time out of mind meaning simply forgotten?

But in either case there was little question about that madness. As when I drove that time to that obscure corner of Turkey, for instance, to visit at the site of ancient Troy.

And for some reason wished especially to look at the river there, that I had read about as well, flowing past the citadel to the sea.

I have forgotten the name of the river, which was actually a muddy stream.

And at any rate I do not mean to the sea, but to the Dardanelles, which used to be called the Hellespont.

The name of Troy had been changed too, naturally. Hisarlik, being what it was changed to.

Josh (Josh), Saturday, 16 November 2002 23:23 (twenty-three years ago)

that's the beginning to wittgenstein's mistress, ned. imagine it going on like that without pause for about 250 pages. there's narrative motion to it but the pace implied by the opening keeps up pretty consistently throughout. and the doubting and second-guessing and etc. become more obviously omnipresent.

Josh (Josh), Saturday, 16 November 2002 23:26 (twenty-three years ago)

gap between joyce and just so stories not as great as might be imagined, possibly

mark s (mark s), Sunday, 17 November 2002 12:41 (twenty-three years ago)

Sounds like Markson could have written the beginning to Magnolia had he so chosen. This is not a negative!

Ned Raggett (Ned), Sunday, 17 November 2002 14:58 (twenty-three years ago)

nine months pass...
bump

etc, Tuesday, 2 September 2003 02:16 (twenty-two years ago)

one year passes...
Four Institutional Monologues

jed_ (jed), Monday, 1 November 2004 19:57 (twenty-one years ago)

four months pass...
"Does anyone else think DFW is absolutely the most plodding, dull and uninspired stylist evah?"

yes. absolutely. 100%.

apparently i am the only one tho.

also THANK YOU JED i am going to print that it. i was george saunders led me here.

where are pinfox and nipper, Monday, 28 March 2005 20:55 (twenty-one years ago)


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