Japan's latest contribution to internationalisation

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Now many of you will already know that I love Japan. My wife is a J, I lived there for some considerable time, and I go on about it at any given opportunity.

I'm currently mulling over whether or not to go back there for a few years at least - it's an incredibly exciting place to live, the standard of living is high, and in my case I've got a good chance of finding some gainful employment that I presently don't have. And it often feels as though London is killing me, I've got to get out.

But there's just one thing ....

I find it so, so hard to stomach the unbelievable racism that is routinely tolerated in Japan, a first world country, which is unlike anywhere else I know of. It's the one thing that leaves a bitter taste in my usual willingness to laud all things Japanese.

(from today's JAPAN TIMES)

Downloadable discrimination
The Immigration Bureau's new snitching Web site is both short-sighted and wide open to all manner of abuses

By Debito Arudou

There has been a lot of press recently not just on foreign crime (again), but on unethical methods of collecting data on foreigners.
First was a plan by a branch of the National Police Agency to establish a crime database of "foreignness" (Zeit Gist: Jan. 13, 2004) by collecting organic samples from crime scenes.

Now the Immigration Bureau has set up a Web site for the public to inform on "illegal" residents.

The new site has raised a stink with several human rights groups, such as Amnesty International and Solidarity Network for Migrants, Japan, who have decried this "cyber xenophobia" and demanded the site be removed from servers.

Surprisingly, officials have promised a "review, " but has refused to abolish the service.

Of course, many other countries have ways for the public to report visa overstayres and the like.

However, Japan's criteria for nominating "violators" are astonishingly open-ended.

From the end of last month, the site has offered informants the following pre-set reasons for reporting on someone:

Can't let violators escape justice ("ihansha ga yurusenai")

Neighborhood disturbances ("kinjo meiwaku")

Repugnance/anxiety ("ken'o fuan")

Personal stake in the matter ("rigai kankei")

Police haven't dealt with it ("keisatsu futaiou")

Have suffered damages ("higai o uketa")

Sympathy or compassion ("doujou")

Can't let the employer or business escape justice ("koyou nushi kigyou ga yurusenai)

Can't let a job broker escape justice ("buro-ka-ga yurusenai")

Was fired due to violator ("ihanshano tame ni kaikou sareta")

Couldn't get work due to violator ("ihansha no tame ni kyuushoku sarenakatta")

Something else ("sono ta")

Unclear ("fumei")

Not all options involve illegality, and there are avenues for abuse.

For instance, you can snitch on someone because you are bothered by -- or even just outright hate -- foreigners (item 3); or because they should be sent home for some "compassionate" leave (item 7); or the unemployment lines were too long today (item 11); or even if the foreigner has a zit on his nose (items 3/11).

Actually, you don't even need a reason (item 13).

But the worst thing about the site is the anonymity. Snitches are not required to give any verifiable contact details about themselves.

Why, in more enlightened law enforcement systems, does the accused have the right to know the accuser? Because it keeps the accuser accountable for what he claims. But thanks to this site, anyone can squeal on anyone for any reason -- and get away with it.

So what's to stop any "legal" foreigner walking into an Internet cafe, accessing the site, using a false name and e-mail address and ratting on themselves? Filling Immigration's inbox with bogus data? Nothing, actually.

Indeed it might help police realize that they should think before enacting these half-baked policies.

Although I would never, ever suggest that any "legal" foreigner actually do such a thing.

But why are these policies, which are as full of holes as the police force's own solved crimes files, even seeing the light of day in the first place?

It's because the newest Koizumi Cabinet wants to restore Japan to being "the world's safest country." But somehow, "safety" and "foreigner" have become antonymous, with a government putsch to halve the number of visa overstayers within five years being linked to the restoration of public order.

Alas, foreigners are easy targets. Japanese laws governing extranationals in this country exist not to protect their rights in any way, but simply to police them.

This column has previously talked about police tendencies to spot-check foreigners for suspicious activities, for instance cycling a bicycle.

We all know (or should know) that only foreigners can be arrested -- yes, arrested -- for not carrying ID at all times. Japanese citizens are protected -- by law -- against this kind of harassment.

When a section of the population is targeted in this way, crime statistics become skewed.

The National Police Agency announced on March 11 that, sure enough, foreign crime rose again in 2003.

Up several times compared to ten years ago! (Caveat: That is, in the outlying regions, where percentage rises of small numbers look bigger)

A record catch of 40,615 foreign criminals! (Caveat: Including visa violation, which inflate the total. By a third.)

The data has many more caveats, but let's have a look at one of the oddest.

If you stop everyone on the street, chances are you'll find more crooks. Likewise, if you stop more foreigners, you'll find more foreign crooks. And the more foreign crooks you find, the more justification you'll have for cracking down and finding some more.

Repeat indefinitely -- the perfect way to justify the NPA's appropriately-titled "Policymaking Committee Against Internationalization" ("Kokusaika taisaku iinkai").

Now, thanks to the snitch site -- which deputizes even anonymous Internet xenophobes -- the police should see healthy rises in both statistics and budgets every year.

Furthermore, the emphasis on a rampant foreign crime wave which doesn't even exist, also helps to deflect attention away from the fact that crime clearance rates by the police are at record lows.

It seems the only way foreign crime will fall is when the foreign population stops rising, or when foreigners simply stop coming here. This is unlikely, however, since the Koizumi government wants to double foreign tourism to Japan by 2010.

Hopefully, none of these visitors will commit any crimes, or foreign-looking residents will have to endure even more police targeting.

In the meantime, the tax-paying public can presumably look forward to other official Web sites for ratting on your neighbors, dedicated to the likes of spousal and child abuse and motorcycle ganging.

After all, they would appear to be more of a concern than a zit on your neighbor's nose -- even if your neighbor is a foreigner.

darren (darren), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 16:41 (twenty-two years ago)

Sorry that was such a long 'copy n paste'.

But anyway, the thing is, much as I love the place and the people, it jars so much. I'm all too aware that the general day-to-day realities of being a foreigner in Japan (particularly a Caucasian; Blacks have it far worse) - being stared at, not being taken seriously, being constantly reminded that you are different and not like them - can be an advantage as much as an annoyance.

But that doesn't mean that it's right to have such an institutionalised pattern of labelling the gaijin as potential devils.

darren (darren), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 16:48 (twenty-two years ago)

It certainly makes alarming reading. It's also entirely at odds with my - admittedly limited - experience of Japan. Are foreigners actually worried about this or does everybody realise it's plain silly and just ignore it?

Daniel (dancity), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 21:44 (twenty-two years ago)

Daniel, while I doubt that it would even enter the heads of the vast majority of ordinary Japanese people to 'snitch' on gaijin for no good reason - and will thus ignore it - I feel the words 'no smoke', 'without' and 'fire' apply here to an extent.

By this I mean that it is symptomatic of a general suspicion about foreigners which appears to be based on the sheer criteria that "we are fundamentally different from them, but we are decent people; qed - they must be a bit dodgy."

darren (darren), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 22:12 (twenty-two years ago)

And just in case any smart alec wanted to revisit my words above and suggest that that's how the Brits, the Americans or the French see non-natives - I would say that the utter homogeny of Japanese society comapred to the cosmopolitanism in pretty much every other G8-type nation makes this lack of international understanding more entrenched and more backward-sounding.

And did you know that ethnic Koreans born in Japan are not allowed to become full Japanese citizens ?

darren (darren), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 22:18 (twenty-two years ago)

homogeny= homogeneity ? (sorry, not sure)

darren (darren), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 22:19 (twenty-two years ago)

Yeah, I agree that as a whole looking at Japanese politics and even an occasional Japanese person you may find lots of rascism (clearly or just subtlely.) But I think maybe their motives for rascism are different than an English or American's motives. Lots of Japanese people point out / look for the differences of foreigners, but it's more because of an interest then a dislike.

So it seems right that many will ignore a kind of website like this but not be against it because it's just being extra extra organized and careful with thier system even if it may be wrong.

A Nairn (moretap), Tuesday, 30 March 2004 22:34 (twenty-two years ago)

I can empathise completely with Darren's dilemma concerning the old 'should I stay or should I go (back to Japan)' question. In the face of blatant racist attitudes as those enshrined in the latest efforts of the Japanese authority that's charged with the task of managing the country's immigration programme, well, it's hard to find good reason not to opt out of Japan altogether. If the legislative, judicative, and executive arms of the Japanese government are ganging up against 'gaijin', then what's the point? Either start learning another language, or just be content with the odd visit to a Japanese restaurant in England.

For any of us, who have ever spent any amount of time in Japan, racism is one thing that smacks you in the face from the minute the plane touches down on the tarmac. We all grapple with the various forms of discrimination that we face just about each and every waking day in Japan in our own particular way. Sometimes it works to be direct and challenge the perpetrator of racist remarks or behaviour, and other times it all just gets too much and it becomes easier just to walk away.

One article that I found particularly enlightening on the topic of the Japanese and their never-ending obsession in pointing their collective finger at the foreigner is this one:

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/geted.pl5?eo20030106jl.htm

Reading this you will realise that much of Japanese racism is subconscious and so deeply ingrained that the bulk of offenders don't even realise the harm they cause. Not that this gets them off the hook. Just that it does go to show that it's a society that's still incompetant when it comes to dealing with the outside world. And for those who come from the outside into their world... better to be forewarned than expect to be accepted.

My point... embarresingly, I don't think I have one! Racism exists in every society. Just a matter of whether you want to live in a society where you form part of the mainstream, or not.

BTW - does anyone have the link to the Japanese website that Debito Arudo referred to? I've done a sweep of the various relevant websites and can't locate it.

Nathaniel Rowe, Saturday, 3 April 2004 08:28 (twenty-two years ago)

I agree that there is racism in Japan. But the attack on Japanese racism outlined in the article Nathaniel links to -- an article by a Swiss capitalist -- is itself racist against Japan. Jean-Pierre Lehmann envisions Japanese corporations being headed by executives like Carlos Ghosn, the Brazilian of Lebanese extraction who heads Renault. What he wants is for people to run Japanese corporations based on their loyalty to the dollar rather than their loyalty to a specific national way of life. He calls Japan 'marginal', despite the fact that Japan is the world's number one creditor nation. Its banks underwrite the whole world economy. Its standards of living, longevity and education far outstrip those of the US. How can this be what he calls a 'pariah state'?

What Lehmann is proposing is the cultural equivalent of a hostile takeover bid. He wants to break down nationalism and 'the cultural exception' in the interests of a particular kind of global capitalism which he thinks is less racist and more healthy. I do not agree, and I think his own hostility to difference is plain. A world in which race does not matter simply because money matters more is not a world in which races have the respect they are due.

Momus (Momus), Saturday, 3 April 2004 11:47 (twenty-two years ago)

Actually I think Lehmann's use of the word 'racism' in this article sits very neatly alongside Lutzman of General Motors' use of the word 'sexism' in response to the Volvo concept car by and for women. It shows how middle aged white males who rank high in western capitalist hierarchies are now using the once-revolutionary words 'sexism' and 'racism' -- words originally devised to attack people like themselves -- as weapons against differences which resist the capitalist system.

Lehmann (one of whose examples of racial inclusiveness is the Bush cabinet) calls 'racist' a country which clings to its own racial and cultural difference. Lutzman calls 'sexist' a car which proposes to cater to women. In other words, anything which proposes racial and sexual difference as a more important structuring principle than money can now be accused of 'racism' and 'sexism'. In these new definitions, to insist on the particularities of race is 'racist'. To insist on the particularities of gender is 'sexist'. To resist liberal capitalism is, presumably, illiberal.

Momus (Momus), Saturday, 3 April 2004 12:25 (twenty-two years ago)

'Racism, alas, exists in all societies... Racism lies in the very fabric of Japanese society; it is still at its primitive, visceral and atavistic stage. Being racist and being Japanese are so intertwined that racism is not seen as a form of deviance, but as normal.'

Ah, I see what you're saying, Mr Lehmann. We are all racist, but the Japanese are 'primitive racists'. The last 'savages' of the racism world, so to speak. The problem with the Japanese race is that it is a racist race. Racism is, alas, normal, but the Japanese race is so racist that it considers racism normal.

Momus (Momus), Saturday, 3 April 2004 13:38 (twenty-two years ago)

Momus could you give the link to the article you read, because I didn't read any of that- even between the lines. The author indicated that there's racism everywhere, no society is excuses, but he also said that change is needed (the same changes which have been made here).

jesus nathalie (nathalie), Saturday, 3 April 2004 14:00 (twenty-two years ago)

Lehmann calls the Japanese racists, and calls their racism 'primitive, visceral and atavistic'. He gives some examples of how the west has 'overcome' its own racism -- the Bush cabinet, the fact that landladies in Oxford, where he studied thirty five years ago, now accept black tenants, the fact that Renault is headed by a Brazilian of Lebanese extraction, and the fact that he himself, although he is of mixed parentage, has never been made to feel an outsider in France. He implies that Japan and the West are on the same path and are converging. The west is merely ahead by a few decades. This is indicated by his use of words like 'still' and 'atavistic'. Japan will have to fall into line if it is to avoid becoming a 'pariah state'.

This is an offensive and absurd argument. Does globalism mean that all societies must repeat each other's social structures? Is American and European society really such a shining example when, for instance, the racist ideas of Le Pen and Pim Fortuyn are popular enough to get integrated into mainstream party policy in places like Holland, the UK and France? Is the Bush cabinet really a shining example of black people having an influence on public policy? Is Japan really a pariah when it underwrites the American deficit and participates so successfully in global business that it has completely wiped out, eg, the British car industry?

Is Japan really 'behind' when its literacy and longevity levels are far higher than ours? Isn't 'closure' (or, more specifically, a complex warp and weave of closure and openness) an established part of Japanese history? How exactly is Lehmann's stance different from Admiral Perry trying to open Japan to trade with gunboats?

Does Lehmann want the gangs of disaffected racist youths who roam western cities and fight turf wars with economic / ex-colonial immigrants to roam Japanese cities too? Does he want Japan to be less Japanese, and if so, what is the basis of his desire for global homogeneity? Is he jealous that Japan has fewer racial-social problems than western countries? Does the striking atmosphere of social harmony in Japan -- the safety of its public places, for instance -- annoy him? Can the Japanese only overcome their status as (rich, successful, internationalist) pariahs by importing not just western goods, but also western social problems? Why should the Japanese want to watch their educational levels decline and their life expectancy shrink? Why should they want to live life in a less Japanese way and let their companies be run by aggressive international executives? Why should they want to import cheap labour and go for constant economic expansion? Mightn't they want, instead, to slow down their economy and enjoy life? What if Japan, with the Slow Life movement, were actually ahead of the west: pioneering a post-industrial social model which is about quality of life and sustainability and cultural difference rather than constant economic growth, globalism and convergence?

Momus (Momus), Saturday, 3 April 2004 14:31 (twenty-two years ago)

The flaw with Lehmann's article is that he doesn't actually focus on with the racism that is prevalent in Japanese society - he states that it is racist, gives a few examples of corporations in which power lies in the hands of Japanese nationals and of a visible lack of non-Japanese residential, but there's no analysis there. He doesn't explain why Japanese national chauvinism (which seems to here be his definition of racism) is necessarily a bad thing for Japanese corporations, or for Japan as a whole; nor does he suggest any kind of method for changing the status quo beyond 'companies should be like Western ones'.

It would have been more interesting if he'd dealt with the contents of Akio Morita's book, rather than just noted its existence. There's an interesting article by Ian Buruma on Morita's "Made In Japan: Akio Morita and Sony", which as far as I can recall places Morita firmly in the tradition of nihonjinron, a sort of Japanese self-orientalism. What's interesting about nihinjinron is that it creates a 'Japanese identity' which is in part imaginary, nostalgic, idealised (such as Morita's insistence that the salaryman joins his company and stays in it, and loyal to it as a family, all his life - as opposed to the mercenary Westerner. In the late eighties, when this claim was made, staying in one company your whole life was no longer thought by younger salarymen to be the best career option, and less and less were doing it). This 'Japanese identity' is then lauded as the right way to be, held up as a pattern against which one must measure oneself and used in contrast to inferior foreign practice - it's used as a basis for national chauvinism, but it does not necessarily reflect the true state of things in Japan itself.

Lehmann doesn't seem to have any interest in the reasons behind Japanese national chauvinism - nor does he deal with the other side of Japanese racism, as directed towards Koreans for example.

Really, it's a rather inferior article on a very interesting topic.

cis (cis), Saturday, 3 April 2004 14:50 (twenty-two years ago)

'Admiral Perry trying to open Japan to trade with gunboats'

Use other cultural myths please. Japan was already open to trade: with Korea, with China, with the Dutch in Batavia.

cis (cis), Saturday, 3 April 2004 14:52 (twenty-two years ago)

But these are the myths that Lehmann is alluding to, somewhat darkly. Commodore Matthew Perry forcibly opened Japan to U.S. trade in 1854.

"Japan at that time was a hermit nation with very little contact with the outside world," says Bill Hosokawa, an active member of the Denver Japanese-American community. "Today Japan is one of America's leading trading partners."

And yet Lehmann tries to portray Japan as 'marginal', a 'pariah', an 'outlier', 'not an actor' on the global stage, having 'no global mindset' and so on. These comments play unsympathetically on exactly Japan's history of ambivalence to world trade, and ignore how its economic and social successes and its very specific character are linked.

Momus (Momus), Saturday, 3 April 2004 15:25 (twenty-two years ago)

I don't disagree with you that Lehmann is in error to describe modern-day Japanese world trade interests as marginal.

But I'm not sure I see how accepting a myth that Lehmann is propounding as part of his argument can help you to counter that same argument.

(Although it wasn't really in 1854 that Japan opened to US trade: it took a few years for more ports beyond Nagasaki to be opened, and only after 1868 was there a full opening to all Western trade interests. But this is so much nitpicking.)

cis (cis), Saturday, 3 April 2004 15:51 (twenty-two years ago)

fifteen years pass...

Shinzo Abe has installed the beaver door-knocker he brought back from Canada pic.twitter.com/y7kZE3Bgik

— Mike Bird (@Birdyword) May 2, 2019

calzino, Thursday, 2 May 2019 11:52 (seven years ago)

Jean-Pierre Lehmann envisions Japanese corporations being headed by executives like Carlos Ghosn, the Brazilian of Lebanese extraction who heads Renault.

and now fifteen years later he's in a tokyo jail.

interesting thread.

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 12:16 (seven years ago)

Does Lehmann want the gangs of disaffected racist youths who roam western cities and fight turf wars with economic / ex-colonial immigrants to roam Japanese cities too? Does he want Japan to be less Japanese, and if so, what is the basis of his desire for global homogeneity?

One in ten Tokyoites in their 20s are now foreigners

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 12:20 (seven years ago)

and no gangs of disaffected racist youths yet.

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 12:22 (seven years ago)

Do you have a link to that Lehmann/Ghosn thread, dylannn? Can’t seem to find it on Twitter and couldn’t google it either.

breastcrawl, Thursday, 2 May 2019 13:49 (seven years ago)

it's upthread here, posts by momus

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 13:55 (seven years ago)

Ah, it’s this old ILE thread you find interesting. I thought you were posting a quote from a Twitter thread.
(The link to the article Momus referred to (someone else posted it) is dead btw)

breastcrawl, Thursday, 2 May 2019 15:26 (seven years ago)

here it is

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 15:59 (seven years ago)

Thanks!

breastcrawl, Thursday, 2 May 2019 16:07 (seven years ago)

dylannn, is Gyaru/Yanki still a thing in Japan and if not what has replaced it?

MaresNest, Thursday, 2 May 2019 17:16 (seven years ago)

we need a momus type here to answer that kind of thing.

but not really still a thing. the words are still used but there is no distinction often between the two and they're mostly used to describe garish/tacky + big hair rather than gyaru style as it existed in 1998 or even 2008. and even that kind of thing, the general tacky look, living in tokyo, i only encounter it in deepest saitama, maybe lalaport in ebina to choose another random place in the suburbs, or in one of the malls around ikebukuro. the real style, the rare holdouts are the women i see walking to work in yoshiwara who are mostly old enough to have grown up reading egg and popteen, still wearing suburban single mother ageha magazine-ish stuff and carrying those white damier carryalls with shit hanging off them. and then there are nostalgic hobbyists some too young to remember the gyaru golden age, often mimicing extreme ganguro looks, often posting to instagram from small towns in places i've never been.

i guess like a shibuya girl in 2019 is more likely to be dressed in some toned down generic asian streetwear style or just look like a south korean instagram influencer and all the trends at least for 20something women is all direct from overseas or only mildly filtered through japanese designers/brands EXACTLY THE GLOBALIZATION MOMUS FEARED, and my imaginary yankiish saitama girl is going to wear a champion hoodie, skirt she picked up at ABAB in ueno, supreme lv fanny pack (ordered from a contact on line who orders them on taobao and marks them up) or maybe still something from gyaruish brands like cecil mcbee but those styles have been watered down by influence of fast fashion (GU, uniqlo, zara, bershka, h&m etc etc every 50 feet). deep gyaru subcultural stuff, still the hobbyists like i said, but all of that just kept breaking apart into smaller and smaller subcultures and microtrends, so you can still go to shibuya 109 and find the genes in certain looks but yeah not really (also 75% of the customers at 109 like everywhere in the city are chinese tourists now).

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 18:09 (seven years ago)

https://www.shibuya109.jp/ladies/staff/
the shibuya 109 staff blog thing might give you some idea

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Thursday, 2 May 2019 18:13 (seven years ago)

Booming answer dylannn thanks! Was wondering if you might have read Ametora by W David Marx btw?

MaresNest, Thursday, 2 May 2019 19:48 (seven years ago)

ive absorbed a lot of what's in there through reviews and other w david marx pieces but i haven't come across an english edition of the book yet.

also before writing that i checked back on the w david marx history of gyaru to see if the promised fourth part ever ran, which would have covered the mid 2000s resurgence and eventual death (and its cosplayification by mostly black american girls and niigata teens on instagram). no fourth part unfortunately but i treasure that series https://neojaponisme.com/2012/02/28/the-history-of-the-gyaru-part-one/

XxxxxxxXxxxxxxxxXxxxx (dylannn), Friday, 3 May 2019 08:44 (seven years ago)

Here I was thinking the thread revive would mention that the Japanese government has left the international whaling convention and announced that it will resume commercial whaling. This is because they had been disguising their whaling as "scientific research" for decades and were finally nailed for it and told to stop. They didn't want to stop.

A is for (Aimless), Friday, 3 May 2019 18:05 (seven years ago)


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