the sense of "use selfishly" first arises in 1838.
Before that, exploitation is associated more with exploits - heroic acts. And to exploit a natural resource or to exploit a natural talent or whatever is merely to achieve something.
What happens after 1838 is that all these achievements are given a political reading by an emerging revolutionary culture (socialists, feminists, anarchists, anti-colonialists, etc). Exploits started to look like they were always at the expense of someone or something else, such as 'discovering' a land, like Australia or America, when it was already inhabited! Or, when exploited natural resources such as coal meant not only that you were exploiting (in the new sense) the earth, but also, that you were exploiting (ditto) child labour to do it!
― run it off (run it off), Thursday, 8 January 2004 14:30 (twenty-one years ago)