unpollable cellphones and kerry

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people seem to be taking for granted the assumption that the vast majority of unpollable cellphone-only voters are kerry supporters. i hope they're right, but i'm also a little skeptical. seems like at least a small leap of faith, if you ask me. (i guess the assumption is that cellphone-onlies tend to be young urbanites, right? somehow, that doesn't seem like quite enough to go on.) please make me slighly less anxious by convincing me that i should be as sure about this as everybody else seems to be. (and i'm sorry if this has been dealt with somewhere else already; if it has been, i missed it.) thanks.

etienne, Monday, 18 October 2004 14:32 (twenty-one years ago)

Mystery Pollster had this up a couple of days ago, but the host seems to be a bit testy at present.

Ned Raggett (Ned), Monday, 18 October 2004 14:34 (twenty-one years ago)

i guess the assumption is that cellphone-onlies tend to be young urbanites, right? somehow, that doesn't seem like quite enough to go on.) please make me slighly less anxious by convincing me that i should be as sure about this as everybody else seems to be

how about both young people and urbanites support Kerry to a greater - perhaps a far greater - extent than all voters do?

the issue isn't the 'unpollable', it's the won't-pollable. do you answer your landline when you don't know who it is? do your friends?

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 14:35 (twenty-one years ago)

but don't cellphone users, in general, also have higher incomes than non cell-users? and don't they tend more often to be white? maybe i'm completely wrong about that. i hope so.

etienne, Monday, 18 October 2004 14:42 (twenty-one years ago)

okay, that link helped, actually....thanks, ned.

etienne, Monday, 18 October 2004 14:45 (twenty-one years ago)

hmm, i'm more likely to answer my landline than if my mobile comes up with "caller id withheld".

actually, who am i kidding, i always answer the phone, WHAT IF IT'S IMPORTANT!!! [subtext: woohoo! someone likes me]

CarsmileSteve (CarsmileSteve), Monday, 18 October 2004 14:45 (twenty-one years ago)

Some portion of the cell phone-primary or -only population is low-income urban blacks. Are there no useful industry figures on the types of people who have gone to primary or total cell phone use?

j.lu (j.lu), Monday, 18 October 2004 14:49 (twenty-one years ago)

"do you answer your landline when you don't know who it is?"

yes. but what does that have to do with cellphones?

etienne, Monday, 18 October 2004 14:50 (twenty-one years ago)

Yeah, the issue is unpollable because it's illegal for pollers to call cellphones.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Monday, 18 October 2004 14:57 (twenty-one years ago)

yes. but what does that have to do with cellphones?

if you have a cellphone, you are more likely not to receive landline calls from people you know, and you are more likely not to pick up landline calls if you don't know the caller. This is a bigger issue than cell-only people because, per a recent Mystery Pollster post, there are more people who have a landline but use their cell for 3/4 of their calls than there are people who don't have a landline.

but don't cellphone users, in general, also have higher incomes than non cell-users?

Above-median-income white people are like this! Well, maybe they are, if they don't live in cities. Do you know young, higher-income people? Who do they support?

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 15:03 (twenty-one years ago)

there are probably a number of groups who are not being adequately covered by polling in this cycle. cellphone-primary users may not be the biggest, but I think there's good reason to think they are.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 15:04 (twenty-one years ago)

i assumed it had something to do with pollers avoiding them since they tend not to have clear and useful area codes attached. shows what i know.

xp

etienne, Monday, 18 October 2004 15:04 (twenty-one years ago)

but don't cellphone users, in general, also have higher incomes than non cell-users? and don't they tend more often to be white? maybe i'm completely wrong about that. i hope so.

Yep, you are wrong.

Jordan (Jordan), Monday, 18 October 2004 15:09 (twenty-one years ago)

The military overseas are also unpolled, and they tend to vote overwhelmingly Republican.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Monday, 18 October 2004 19:49 (twenty-one years ago)

right, but they are a fraction of the number of no-landline individuals, let alone the number of cellphone-primary individuals (though they may vote in much greater percentages)

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 19:53 (twenty-one years ago)

Wait, how many troops are there overseas? I think I was assuming there were tons and tons of them.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Monday, 18 October 2004 22:50 (twenty-one years ago)

500K

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 23:03 (twenty-one years ago)

the issue isn't the 'unpollable', it's the won't-pollable. do you answer your landline when you don't know who it is? do your friends?

No, it's "unpollable" -- it's illegal to poll a cell phone (because it costs the cell phone user minutes), and you pay a fine if you do so.

Casuistry (Chris P), Monday, 18 October 2004 23:08 (twenty-one years ago)

yes, i'm aware of that. by the terms, i'm referring to classes of people - the 'unpollable' are those you cannot legally reach because they do not have landlines; the 'won't-pollable' are those you can legally reach because they do have landlines but do not reach because they don't answer the phone

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 23:29 (twenty-one years ago)

most folks I know only use landline for dialup or DSL nowadays anyhoo
basically the polls are now limited to those who are still living in the 20th century

TOMBOT, Monday, 18 October 2004 23:35 (twenty-one years ago)

So which is worse today, trad phone polling, or internet polling? I wonder if the results of this election will vindicate Zogby.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Monday, 18 October 2004 23:44 (twenty-one years ago)

(also the cellphone only phenomenon might not just be rural vs. urban it might be inland vs. coastal; cities in OH, WI, IA, MN, etc aren't as "urban" as DC, NYC, LA, etc)

Dan I. (Dan I.), Monday, 18 October 2004 23:47 (twenty-one years ago)

that may be very true, but national numbers are national numbers. if you exclude people on the coasts, it's even more likely that the real numbers favor Kerry more than the polls

gabbneb (gabbneb), Monday, 18 October 2004 23:59 (twenty-one years ago)

I don't get it.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 00:11 (twenty-one years ago)

Ah whatever, I know all this is conjecture upon conjecture, but what else is there to do anymore?

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 00:16 (twenty-one years ago)

Ok, we assume a class of people not reached by polls due to landline-avoidance. Next we assume they are majority Kerry supporters. Next, we assume that they are concentrated in coastal cities. Coastal cities are concentrated in Blue states. Thus, the failure to count these people in the polls has no impact on the race, because their votes aren't going to change anything. Right? Not necessarily. In national polls, it may mean that Kerry's support in blue states is being undercounted (and Bush's support there overcounted), while Bush's count in red and purple states is being properly counted. In the aggregate, then, the national polls are undercounting Kerry's national support. Of course, this doesn't change the state polls in the battlegrounds. But would you assume that the battlegrounds are going to go against a candidate with leading outside the margin in the national polls? Think about it - some of these state polls show Kerry doing about the same as or better than he's doing nationally. How is that possible? Do you really believe, as the national polls would suggest, that Bush is doing much better in blue states than he did in 2000? Moreover, in several cases, Kerry has done better in polls that combine the results of several battlegrounds than he does nationally. Again, is there any explanation other than his blue state support isn't being measured properly in the national polls? Maybe. It could be that the pollsters are buying into GOP-leaning definitions of the battlegrounds, and including too many Kerry-leaning battlegrounds, tipping the subset-results in his favor. But enough to outweigh the impact on national polls of NY, CA, IL, MA? Doesn't that just seem wrong? Then recall that there was one poll earlier this year that showed a big national Bush lead, and Kerry doing better in battlegrounds than in blue states. Now, that could have been, as I argued at the time, just a garbage poll, but maybe it's because of the theory I'm advancing.

And remember that there's one very big swing state that presumably does have a big cellphone-primary population - Florida. Maybe the failure to count these people explains why a state that Gore won looks better for Bush in some polls than Ohio, where Gore lost by 3.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 01:04 (twenty-one years ago)

So let me make sure I have it (which is doubtful): Kerry's support is being undercounted in blue states which means his national support is being undercounted as well; and because his battleground state support often eclipses his national support, it might be the case that he's being undercounted in battleground states too?

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 01:36 (twenty-one years ago)

yes, except for the last one. even if the battleground states are being accurately counted (assuming that the cellphone people aren't found there) as rough ties (under 50%), they would seem more likely to eventually go Kerry if Kerry is in fact ahead nationally.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 01:56 (twenty-one years ago)

but yes, if we don't assume that these people are all in blue states, then a big undercount in blue states might reflect a small undercount in purple ones.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 01:57 (twenty-one years ago)

look at it this way - pundits talk about the states that aren't tossups but that either Bush or Kerry could win if they went up in the national race. maybe Kerry is up nationally.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:02 (twenty-one years ago)

But that could only be the case if the cellphone-only people represent 3-5% of the voting populace!

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:04 (twenty-one years ago)

Or more!

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:06 (twenty-one years ago)

you mean 1.5-2.5%. per that Mystery Pollster link, the cellphone-only population is 2.5% of adults, and the cellphone-primary population is nearly 15%.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:07 (twenty-one years ago)

Here's what I was looking at: http://www.pollingreport2.com/wh2004a.htm

It puts Kerry an average of 2.7% down over the last week.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:10 (twenty-one years ago)

Wow, but you're right; if Mystery Pollster's numbers are right, that plus the incumbent effect makes things look hopeful. I wonder how big the "vote for the winner" (ie: vote for bush) thing will end up being though. What we need is a fucking actuary or something up in here.

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:14 (twenty-one years ago)

for every Kerry supporter you're undercounting, you're also overcounting a Bush supporter

xpost: yeah, I worry about the vote for the winner. but it's unclear there will be one. most of the polls show a tie within the margin.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:15 (twenty-one years ago)

i did do this sort of backwards - i mean, i'm assuming no matter what that these people lean Kerry. but the point was, if you assume these people are on the coasts, then it's logical to assume they lean Kerry, because people on the coasts lean Kerry. therefore, the national polls are undercounting more Kerry supporters than they would if these people were more broadly distributed.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:29 (twenty-one years ago)

But, and this is what I was uncomfortable with in your theory above, if national polls undercount Kerry supporters in Kerry states, electorally it's like they aren't counting people who don't count anyway. I don't see how you can drag battleground states (other than Florida) into it (assuming that coast/not coast dichotomy has any validity at all).

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:34 (twenty-one years ago)

(which it probably doesn't since it was pulled out of the proverbial ass)

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:36 (twenty-one years ago)

But, and this is what I was uncomfortable with in your theory above, if national polls undercount Kerry supporters in Kerry states, electorally it's like they aren't counting people who don't count anyway.

NO. if you're undercounting blue-state Kerry supporters in a national poll, you're also undercounting, inferentially, swing-state Kerry supporters, because you're assuming an accurate geographic distribution of Kerry's support.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:41 (twenty-one years ago)

(and vice versa for Bush supporters)

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:43 (twenty-one years ago)

New voters are probably more important than the cell phone voters, of course.

Casuistry (Chris P), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:44 (twenty-one years ago)

The ones that turn out, anyway. Say, that makes me wonder...

Dan I. (Dan I.), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 02:46 (twenty-one years ago)

Well, there are huge get-out-the-vote pushes being planned, at least.

Casuistry (Chris P), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 04:09 (twenty-one years ago)

Yeah, it's all about getting people out to the ballot box - I saw one poll recently that gave Kerry a 7-point lead across a sample of voting-age adults; that fell to three points when only the subset of registered voters was counted; it turned into a one-point Bush lead when that was further reduced to registered-and-likely-to-vote. I'm hoping that's old data (and subject to the cellphone bump above).

Michael Jones (MichaelJ), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 08:10 (twenty-one years ago)

Ok, we assume a class of people not reached by polls due to landline-avoidance. Next we assume they are majority Kerry supporters.

Also, we're assuming that most of these people can and will vote. There's a lot of talk about get-out-the-vote drives. However, there's a cohort that cannot vote (felony or noncitizenship issues), and another that in theory is eligible but for individual reasons will not vote (apathy, disgust).

j.lu (j.lu), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 12:22 (twenty-one years ago)

no, felons can vote in many places. do you think cellphone users are more likely than the general population to be felons, noncitizens, apathetics or disgusteds?

gabbneb (gabbneb), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 14:34 (twenty-one years ago)

No, I was just trying to say that even though some of these nonpollable people may prefer Kerry to Bush, they may not actually go out and vote.

I'm assuming that the pollsters working the phones definitely weeded out of their samples those who declared themselves ineligible to vote, and probably weeded out those who didn't consider themselves to be likely voters (apathetics/disgusteds).

j.lu (j.lu), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 14:46 (twenty-one years ago)

There was a profile of pollster John Zogby in last week's New Yorker. It contained an interesting anecdote about how polling techniques that produce non-random samples can distort results. It might be interesting to read in the light of the current debate about cell-phones:

"In the mid-nineteen-thirties, at the dawn of polling’s modern era, the biggest and best-known poll in America was the one conducted by Literary Digest. Before each Presidential election, the magazine would send out as many as twenty million postcards to people all over the country whose names it gleaned primarily from automobile registries and telephone books, asking them how they planned to vote. It received as many as five million postcards in response, and so the sample size was enormous. The poll was famous because it had correctly predicted the outcome of three successive elections, from 1924 to 1932.

"In 1936, Roosevelt was running for reëlection against the Republican Alfred M. Landon. That year, a young pollster named George Gallup made a bold public bet: not only would he predict the election result correctly but Literary Digest would get it wrong. He forecast a Roosevelt win; Literary Digest, he said (with amazing effrontery, since the magazine had not even started polling yet), would predict a fifty-six-per-cent victory for Landon. Sure enough, Literary Digest’s results forecast a Landon win (indeed, within a percentage point of Gallup’s prediction), and the magazine was humiliated. The trouble was that Literary Digest’s sample, large as it was, was rotten, because people who owned cars or telephones were disproportionately affluent and disproportionately Republican. After 1936, the new breed of pollsters such as Gallup, Archibald Crossley, and Elmo Roper canvassed random samples of a few thousand in person rather than non-random millions through the mail."

http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?041018fa_fact5

o. nate (onate), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 14:47 (twenty-one years ago)

but what happens to representativeness if the channel of communication eliminates the chance that some people will be contacted? what would the relationship between cellphone owners and the rest of the population have to be in order for representativeness to be affected?

youn, Tuesday, 19 October 2004 14:53 (twenty-one years ago)

Well, to the extent that the polling technique tends to exclude certain types of voters, they will tend to be undercounted in the results. So if the people excluded by a land-line only poll are disproportionately pro-Bush or pro-Kerry, then you would have some skew in the results of the poll. The amount of skew would depend on the size of the excluded group and the proportion by which that group favored one candidate over the other.

I don't really know enough about the demographics of cell-phone-only users or people who don't answer their land-lines to hazard a guess on what the impact of this would be, though it does seem likely that these people would be somewhat more affluent than the mean and more concentrated in urban areas - these two factors might tend to cancel out any bias in favor of Kerry or Bush.

o. nate (onate), Tuesday, 19 October 2004 15:02 (twenty-one years ago)


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