"The Radical Christian Right Is Built on Suburban Despair."

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Great essay done by Chris Hedges, ex-NYT war correspondent and author of "American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America."

This despair crosses economic boundaries, of course, enveloping many in the middle class who live trapped in huge, soulless exurbs where, lacking any form of community rituals or centers, they also feel deeply isolated, vulnerable and lonely. Those in despair are the most easily manipulated by demagogues, who promise a fantastic utopia, whether it is a worker's paradise, fraternite-egalite-liberte, or the second coming of Jesus Christ. Those in despair search desperately for a solution, the warm embrace of a community to replace the one they lost, a sense of purpose and meaning in life, the assurance they are protected, loved and worthwhile.

This matches up with other things that we've talked about before, most recently when the ted haggard thing came up. Tracer mentioned something about how we're watching how a mass group of people react to all the crucial communal and civil links between folks are being destroyed by capitalism and consumer culture. This mass movement is not one of traditional evangelical Christianity(i.e. of the Billy Graham type), but one that has appropriated those terms in an increasingly successful grab at political domination. It's like with what we call Islamic fundamentalism; a violent reaction and rejection of modernity by those who can't find their way in it.

And so we get this thing, where plenty of otherwise good people are kinda damaged but sign up for this magical crusade to put meaning back in their lives. Has anybody read any of Chris Hedges' other books, like _Losing Moses on the Highway_ or _War is the Force That Gives Us Meaning_?

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:19 (eighteen years ago)

Haven't started reading yet, but the close of the quote strikes me as strangely tautological: it is neither desperate nor really notable to look to the church to provide "lost" community and purpose, given that what provided those things before they were "lost" was in some part ... the church. (It's notable that people push too hard toward these things, or that they often expect religion to provide 100% of the purposeful-community stuff that used to involve lots of other pillars -- labor, social connection, face-to-face economic interdependence -- but the phrasing there remains strange.)

nabisco (nabisco), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:25 (eighteen years ago)

I knew this was a kingfish thread

Shakey Mo Collier (Shakey Mo Collier), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:25 (eighteen years ago)

Another strangely non-revelatory thing here is that even THE CHURCH will tell you it's built on despair! That's its whole noble purpose, to take the lost and desperate and show them the peace and wholeness of God's love, etc.!

nabisco (nabisco), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:28 (eighteen years ago)

Well, selling an image vs. reality, obv. Rick Warren's bunch around here aren't the truly desperate by any stretch of the imagination. (But that leads into even more tautological roads and eventually produces "Would Jesus Wear a Rolex Watch?")

Ned Raggett (Ned), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:30 (eighteen years ago)

i never rule out suburban anomie as a cause of anything, but i hafta say that the evangelical types i've met -- either rural small-church folks or wealthy suburban megachurchers -- are not notably characterized by "despair." i respect hedges, but i think his approach to this issue is too didactic and simplistic.

gypsy mothra (gypsy mothra), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:31 (eighteen years ago)

I've been meaning to read War is the a Force That Gives Us Meaning forever, but just got this new one as a present first. Sounds pretty interesting.

I don't think it's new or notable that people look to churches (I don't think "the church" really applies here) for meaning, but I'm very interested to the extent that he connects it to the rise of exurbs.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:32 (eighteen years ago)

Yeah, there's a rabbit hole of tricky rhetoric here, but Ned, I think even people in the comfortable upstanding moralist Warren mode would tell you that it is religion specifically that makes them non-desperate. In other words, that the church works, that it really is the antidote to this plague of despair, and that if they seem non-desperate, it's because they've always known God's love, etc.

Which isn't even entirely untrue: fervent involvement in this stuff really probably does increase lots of people's sense of wellbeing. So long as you don't turn out to be one of its, umm, discontents.

nabisco (nabisco), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:32 (eighteen years ago)

(the sense that i get from evangelicals is much more a matter of tribal affiliation -- which is not driven by despair any more than rooting for a hometown team is.)(and to the extent that exurban culture represents a breakdown of traditional kinds of tribal ties, obviously the churches benefit.)

gypsy mothra (gypsy mothra), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:33 (eighteen years ago)

"the middle class who live trapped in huge, soulless exurbs where, lacking any form of community rituals or centers, they also feel deeply isolated, vulnerable and lonely."

Everybody OTM. This seems like garden-variety sneering at the great unwashed. I don't see how those living in huge, soulless cities have any more support by way of "community rituals or centers". And I'm sure many of my fellow city dwellers feel "isolated, vulnerable and lonely."

the new sincerity (Pye Poudre), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:34 (eighteen years ago)

No, no, that's the thing. I think the difference here, what separates this from what it was, is that instead of going to church on sunday and seeing folks you knew for coffee & donuts fellowship afterwards as a communal aspect, this goes far deeper into "giving your life meaning" or hooking you into this fantastic world where Jesus is just around the corner and he's gunna whup all them hollywood types and elitists and only you are going to heaven and the rest are gunna burn. Normal life functions and empiricism are supplanted by a belief that only with a few incantations, you won't need health insurance 'cuz God will fix everything wrong with you.

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:36 (eighteen years ago)

if they seem non-desperate, it's because they've always known God's love, etc.

A line of approach that always greatly irritates me because the flipside is that they can't understand how someone consciously not concerned about God's love can be truly happy, etc. etc. Therein looking through our own lenses in turn, etc. etc.

fervent involvement in this stuff really probably does increase lots of people's sense of wellbeing

But couldn't the fervency be driven by a different form of desperation? On that level it becomes the difference between real day-to-day mouths to feed/necessary shelter/etc. problems and the kind of problems you want to have (but that in turn overlooks how the evangelical impulses crosses class lines and so onward we go).

Ned Raggett (Ned), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:38 (eighteen years ago)

i think the tribal affiliation/hometown team angles are really interesting too (and, aside, also go a little ways to explaining gang turfs) - if you have a great big mcmansion in a new community, you still basically come from nowhere and don't have any established social ties nearby. some churches see a market here. who else does? maybe other institutions need to compete.

gabbneb (gabbneb), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:38 (eighteen years ago)

Also, this isn't "sneering at the great unwashed." Anytime Hedges has been interviewed or speaks, he goes on about how these folks are nice, quite likable folks just trying to get along. There's a great deal of empathy given to these people; it's their leaders that are the subject of most of his ire.

And yes, both religious and social tribalism play into it, too.

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:40 (eighteen years ago)

I don't see how those living in huge, soulless cities have any more support by way of "community rituals or centers".

ever lived in one?

gabbneb (gabbneb), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:40 (eighteen years ago)

check it: cities are full of people, dog

sexyDancer (sexyDancer), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:41 (eighteen years ago)

I've lived in cities for 20+ years. Sure they're full of people, but they're often full of lonely, disconnected people. (And happy people, too, don't get me wrong.) Loneliness of crowds, etc.

Maybe the role of religion in American life IS different now than then, but I think it's waaaay too easy to hang it on "suburban despair" and your personal distaste for that landscape/culture. The modern evangelical movement seems to speak very strongly to those who seem the least stricken by despair. Appearances != reality and all that, but the only reason to buy this argument is that you believe it already.

Why in the suburbs? If we're gonna pin this on the emptiness of modern life, why not in the cities, where alienated despair is so common?

the new sincerity (Pye Poudre), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:45 (eighteen years ago)

because in a city you're surrounded by millions of people and in the exurbs you're surrounded by a tiny handful, obviously. "alienated despair" is like 10 billion x easier to cope with in a city

gabbneb (gabbneb), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:49 (eighteen years ago)

more here and here.

Why in the suburbs?

In the suburbs, it's a helluva lot easier to separate and alienate people from each other. If you don't encounter brown folks or gay folks on a day-to-day basis walking around, it's a lot easier to gin up animosity and fear towards a perceived Other. Those weird librul homosexuals are tryin' to destroy civilization! These gates we put on our subdivision aren't enough!

Especially when plenty of suburbs started and developed out of fear.

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:50 (eighteen years ago)

I don't know that that's true. City life is very hard for a lot of people. The folks that dig it are fine with it, of course, but it can be brutal, especially if you depend on more "traditional" family/community structure and are far from what you grew up with.

I mean, in a lot of ways, people in the suburbs often seem to have MORE community connections than those in cities. People go to the suburbs to raise kids, mostly, and neighborhoods full of kids tend to be interconnected. People watch the streets and watch out for one another. They know each other through schools and (yes) churches and civic organizations. Most of the suburban folks I know live lives that are heavily interconnected and interdependent with the community at large. Watching each other's kids, going camping in groups, little leage, boy & girl scouts, etc.

the new sincerity (Pye Poudre), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:50 (eighteen years ago)

That last one re: gabneb.

the new sincerity (Pye Poudre), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:52 (eighteen years ago)

I'm kinda amazed anyone would deny the very real structural and social differences between living in a city and living in an exurb. They were built in completely different ways and usually have completely different modes of living.

Shakey Mo Collier (Shakey Mo Collier), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:53 (eighteen years ago)

more "traditional" family/community structure

???

where do you think most families in the U.S. lived for the first half(and more) of the last century and before? Schaumburg? Cobb County?


waitamin, are you nude spoke or nude beales?

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:54 (eighteen years ago)

population density alone is a massive difference - to say nothing of the preponderance of services and gathering places that are the essential components of urban living.

Shakey Mo Collier (Shakey Mo Collier), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:54 (eighteen years ago)

(x-post!)

Shakey Mo Collier (Shakey Mo Collier), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:54 (eighteen years ago)

i never rule out suburban anomie as a cause of anything, but i hafta say that the evangelical types i've met -- either rural small-church folks or wealthy suburban megachurchers -- are not notably characterized by "despair." i respect hedges, but i think his approach to this issue is too didactic and simplistic.

You typed my post.

I'll add that I suspect that the smug, self-validating, other-hating tendencies of some bad evangelicals are not unique to them, they are normal human characteristics amplified by superior organization, insulation and greed. Sorta what y'all said above I guess.

Hunter (Hunter), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:56 (eighteen years ago)

"suburban despair" is a myth created by city dwellers who are creeped out by the burbs and 20 something suburbanites who want to but can't afford to live in the city. it's really not that bleak of an environment, get one grip.

Chesty Joe Morgan (Chesty Joe Morgan), Friday, 9 February 2007 23:58 (eighteen years ago)

Chesty Joe OTM.

Gathering places and pop density, hell yes. I'll give you that we city dwellers have access to tons more bars, bookstores, arts events, etc.

As far as "traditional" family/community structure, I put it in quotes 'cuz it's code. I'm not talking about what people have always done, but how they imagine community life is supposed to be.

And I'm not denying the differences, I'm pointing them out.

Totally agree with Kingfish's post about the homogeneity of suburbs, and how that can be exploited by fearmongers and dividers. But that's got nothing to do with "despair". Read back here. I'm ONLY objecting to the fantasy that the suburbs breed so much more loneliness and despair than cities.

the new sincerity (Pye Poudre), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:00 (eighteen years ago)

Hold up: it's definitely true that exurban life accommodates a culture in which people may distrust and withdraw from the sense of the public around them, kind of retreating to what's theirs, protecting the priorities of their private patch over the priorities of society as a system, and always looking to separate the like-minded people of their own circle from the teeming threatening world outside. And it's true that those attitudes, these days, have a lot to do with the attitudes of a lot of Christian groups, in their sense of what they're looking to protect and the world they're trying to protect it from.

That said, I get really suspicious when people try to say that these attitudes are some kind of disease of the 20th century's rise of suburbs, some new development. Those attitudes run all the way back to the pioneers of the west, surely! The entire story of the bulk of land in America has been about protecting your stake from surrounding danger, so I don't think it's entirely shocking that attitudes not that far removed from that might hold a lot of sway today.

nabisco (nabisco), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:01 (eighteen years ago)

I grew up in the burbs and moved to a city and fuck yes the burbs are hellish dens of alienation compared to the urban network I currently travel in.

Shakey Mo Collier (Shakey Mo Collier), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:02 (eighteen years ago)

NB those attitudes aren't even universally a bad thing, either, and I don't mean to make them out that way: there's just a long-running strain of American mindsets -- closely related to American Christian mindsets -- that involve finding your space and quietly keeping it as your model Utopia and defending it against any pressure that might come influence it.

nabisco (nabisco), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:03 (eighteen years ago)

(however nabisco OTM and I don't mean to imply that the burbs have a monopoly on xenophobia or alienation, cuz they definitely don't)

Shakey Mo Collier (Shakey Mo Collier), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:03 (eighteen years ago)

The experience of young(ish), cool(ish), educated, arty people in cities doesn't have much to do with cities as a whole.

Same goes for suburbs.

the new sincerity (Pye Poudre), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:04 (eighteen years ago)

i live in the burbs, and they're not, so you're wrong!

Chesty Joe Morgan (Chesty Joe Morgan), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:06 (eighteen years ago)

The entire story of the bulk of land in America has been about protecting your stake from surrounding danger...

and propping up property values.

Hunter (Hunter), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:06 (eighteen years ago)

i mean if you're a city person at heart, then yes, hellish dens of alienation they be. if like me, you definitely aren't, then cities are hellish dens of tension and loathing.

Chesty Joe Morgan (Chesty Joe Morgan), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:08 (eighteen years ago)

The thing is, while there have both been strains of "wanting to get away from others" and "crazy batshit people" that go back thru american history, the fact that it's such a mass movement with millions of folks with enough reach that they can have "Justice Sundays" w/ top-ranking politicos showing up, that Supreme Court Justices have to be okayed by them(remember the convos sat in on by Dobson & Rove during the Harriet Myers deal 1.5 years ago?), completely disdains empiric science, that celebrates a cult of masculinity, accompanied by calls for the elimination of its own citizens which are getting increasingly more violent, THAT is new.

What was fringe John Birch Society whacko-shit(check Tim "Left Behind" LaHaye's background) is now mainstream. Hell, John McCain had to do a complete 180 three years ago and start buddying up to their leaders just b/c he couldn't see any way of being elected President w/o their support.

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:23 (eighteen years ago)

he couldn't see any way of being elected President w/o their support

Getting the Republican nomination != winning the Presidency. At least, not yet.

Ned Raggett (Ned), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:52 (eighteen years ago)

THAT is new.

you really think so?

Chesty Joe Morgan (Chesty Joe Morgan), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:54 (eighteen years ago)

i think hedges has a point in that the fervid political activism of the current wave of fundamentalism is historically unusual by american standards. and this whole parallel-universe version of american history they're peddling is, if not entirely new, much more coherent and forceful than in the past.

gypsy mothra (gypsy mothra), Saturday, 10 February 2007 00:57 (eighteen years ago)

"suburban despair" is a myth created by city dwellers who are creeped out by the burbs and 20 something suburbanites who want to but can't afford to live in the city. it's really not that bleak of an environment, get one grip.

There's a reason why I enjoy John Cheever.

Alfred, Lord Sotosyn (Alfred Soto), Saturday, 10 February 2007 01:01 (eighteen years ago)

it can be brutal, especially if you depend on more "traditional" family/community structure and are far from what you grew up with.

i see. this is about the distinct minority of people who come from the outer burbs and live in the city and can't hack it. not about most people who actually live in cities.

I mean, in a lot of ways, people in the suburbs often seem to have MORE community connections than those in cities.

this makes my point for me - why do you think that is?

gabbneb (gabbneb), Saturday, 10 February 2007 02:39 (eighteen years ago)

Getting the Republican nomination != winning the Presidency. At least, not yet.

oh cmon, that's a minor quibble.

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Saturday, 10 February 2007 02:41 (eighteen years ago)

The thing is, while there have both been strains of "wanting to get away from others" and "crazy batshit people" that go back thru american history, the fact that it's such a mass movement with millions of folks with enough reach that they can have "Justice Sundays" w/ top-ranking politicos showing up, that Supreme Court Justices have to be okayed by them(remember the convos sat in on by Dobson & Rove during the Harriet Myers deal 1.5 years ago?), completely disdains empiric science, that celebrates a cult of masculinity, accompanied by calls for the elimination of its own citizens which are getting increasingly more violent, THAT is new.

that's not true at all, this is not new.

i haven't read the essay yet but how does dude explain the second great awakening given that, uh, there were no suburbs then?

hstencil (hstencil), Saturday, 10 February 2007 02:48 (eighteen years ago)

yeah, i think the only thing really novel about the current evangelical/fundamentalist wave is it's media savviness

latebloomer (latebloomer), Saturday, 10 February 2007 03:39 (eighteen years ago)

novel?????


http://www.rootsweb.com/~iamuscat/normapostcards/billysunday.gif

scott seward (scott seward), Saturday, 10 February 2007 03:54 (eighteen years ago)

jeezus, did anyone beat the hell out of sin like billy? i think not.


http://www.federalobserver.com/content_images/25_billy_sunday.jpg

scott seward (scott seward), Saturday, 10 February 2007 03:56 (eighteen years ago)

the city was the preferred locus of anomie/alienation in the 70s - the soulless city that will rob you of your SELF, etc etc etc - that trope got old, and the demonization of the suburb had plenty of momentum already, what with the Updike novels and American Beauty 'n' aww. Really, to paint city or suburb, town or country, borough or province with this broad "this sort of person lives there" crayon is ripe, ripe bullshit. It is genuinely puzzling to me when people indulge in what amounts to "our frat is cool, yours sux omg" stuff of this nature.

Thomas Tallis (Tommy), Saturday, 10 February 2007 04:52 (eighteen years ago)

Okay, i think i know what's going on here. The point of the piece is not to condemn the suburbs as a whole(which is what we've focused on in this thread), but rather to say that the genesis of many folks in the current Christian Reconstructionist/Dominionist wave are those w/ increasing disconnection & alienation with the rest of life, along with a helluva lot more economic instability(which is why he mentions the part about outsourcing) that they grab onto this authoritarian structure that offers them meaning, communal life, and connection. They tend to come more from the suburbs than the cities. There IS no reductive broadstroke condemnation of suburbia as a whole in praise of city life. The point of the article is not some tribalistic "yay cities boo suburbs" thing; we have plenty of ILX threads for that.

Again, Hedges mentions in the article(along w/ everytime he's interviewed or speaks) that these followers are to treated w/ compassion & empathy as they are ultimately victims.

It reminds me a lot of my ex-gf, who had such a traumatic disintergration of her previous 5-year relationship that it did major damage to her internally, so she sought out a comforting structure to fill it with and went born-again. That too caused her some problems, but that's a story for another time.

kingfishy (kingfish 2.0), Saturday, 10 February 2007 07:12 (eighteen years ago)

nabisco otm (haha) about despair as a root of religious belief. existential despair >>> suburban despair. lack of community structure just provides less distraction from the sense of life as ultimately tragic.

Maria (Maria), Saturday, 10 February 2007 17:38 (eighteen years ago)

Again, Hedges mentions in the article(along w/ everytime he's interviewed or speaks) that these followers are to treated w/ compassion & empathy as they are ultimately victims.

aw what a humanitarian.

Chesty Joe Morgan (Chesty Joe Morgan), Saturday, 10 February 2007 19:50 (eighteen years ago)

three months pass...
Hedges' latest bit is on the recent increase in abortion criminalization efforts, matching up with what authors like Cristina Page have said again & again; that much of the most virulent core leaders of the pro-life group act from a desire to change sexuality and body control. This leads to them trying to ban contraception for all, and deliberately confuse it with abortion. Many of the most vocal members have a really damaging backgrounds and act as a psychological reaction or self-atonement from that. Plenty of these folks are damaged people, and will continue to be around until the rest of us figure out how to include them back into normal life.

And until we re-enfranchise these Americans into society, until we give them hope and alleviate the economic and social blights that have plunged them into the arms of demagogues and charlatans who promise a mythical, unachievable Christian paradise and utopia, we will have to face a growing assault on our personal liberties and freedoms.

kingfish, Friday, 11 May 2007 22:32 (eighteen years ago)

"oh look, there are wackos doing this thing over here we don't like. see, it's gotta be bad!" ?

there are plenty of jackass weirdos addicted to message boards (loneliness) or world of warcraft (escapism) or record stores (materialistic escapism) or their jobs (?)...

XYZ is built on suburban despair.

don't get me wrong, i'm not trying to defend the christian right too much. as if it was hard enough to believe in the invisible spaghetti monster, these life coach overlord party-poopers make it that much more annoying. everytime i admit i'm a christian i have to always clarify, "oh, but i'm pushy and am cool with atheism/agnostic folks. [so don't outright shun me just yet. let's got get a beer and i'll swear a couple times and you'll not run away like i'm interesting you in some amway products. really.]"

time for some ice cream (hedonistic escapist boringist)-ist from the quasi-suburban (okay, probably suburban) grocery store.
m.

msp, Saturday, 12 May 2007 04:04 (eighteen years ago)

"i'm not pushy." oh.
m.

msp, Saturday, 12 May 2007 04:05 (eighteen years ago)

i'm always happy to find out that someone smart and articulate and liberal-minded is a christian. it gives us non-believers friends on the inside.

tipsy mothra, Saturday, 12 May 2007 05:11 (eighteen years ago)

People into ice cream, record stores, their jobs, message boards, and World of Warcraft usually aren't actively working to stop other people from doing things based on their belief in a particular supernatual entity.

joygoat, Saturday, 12 May 2007 05:19 (eighteen years ago)


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