Final B: Tuomas, Alba2. Post art which includes gun. Musket, blunderbus, good, but no cannon - handheld only. Tiebreaker is earliest. If date disputed, latest possible taken. Art can be painting, sculpture, anything, but must post photo of it.
Posted 9PM, yesterday.
[irrelevant image]
I'm not sure if this is actually a "handheld" gun, even though it is called "hand cannon". The picture is from 1400.
http://www.geocities.com/wolfram_von_taus/Research/Research_images/HGnorth_1411.jpg
However, this one is clearly a hanheld gun. The picture is from 1411.
The source for both pictures:
http://www.geocities.com/wolfram_von_taus/Research/Research_Handgonne.htm
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:12 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg
I'm not sure if you consider this one a "gun", but here's a 10th century cave mural, where in the upper corner you can see someone wielding a fire lance. Wikipedia claims this is the "earliest known representation of a gun".
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:25 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
[irrelevant image]
Cannon firing a sprite or springel (cannon arrow) , from "De Nobilitatibus, Sapientii et Prudentiis Regum", manuscript, by Walter de Milemete, 1326
― Alba, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:26 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
That's not handheld, sorry. Just catching up with this.
― Alba, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:27 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Whoops, that's huge! Here's a smaller version of the same pic:
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:27 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:27 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I think you've already won this!
― Alba, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:28 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Well, it doesn't seem to work. Just check the big picture.
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:29 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark
fire lance not gun, i don't think - fires spear!
― Maps, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:30 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Are you sure? Wikipedia says:
The earliest fire lances were spear-like weapons combining a tube containing gunpowder and projectiles tied to a Chinese spear. Upon firing, the charge ejected a small projectile or poison dart along with the flame.
So apparently the spear and the gun were different parts of the same weapon.
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:33 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark
Here's a picture of a fire lance that clearly fires bullets/pellets. It's from Huolongjing, which dates from the 14th century.
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:36 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Sorry, that didn't work, here's the pic:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Chinese_Fire_Lance_with_Pellets.JPG
― Tuomas, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 9:37 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v417/albaalba/ilx/Picture3.png
Carving in a Sichuan cave, depicting a vase-like bombard. Dated 1128.
http://www.robert-temple.com/newspaper_articles/sundaytimes_1mar1987.pdf
― Alba, Wednesday, June 17, 2009 11:06 PM (Yesterday) Bookmark
Alba, the news story you linked to says: "Contrary to the mythical depiction in the cave, no human could have held the weapon. It would probably have been mounted on a rack." So I guess it's not a handheld weapon.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 7:14 AM (13 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
And I know the 10th century mural I linked to is "mythical" also, but the fire lance was a handheld gun in real life too.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 7:26 AM (13 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I don't think the rules said we had to find a representation of a real-world weapon. If it's a hand-held gun in the carving, surely that's OK?
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 9:29 AM (11 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I dunno, I guess that's up to Maps to decide. Anyway, the picture I posted is still older.
I think this round was a bit too easy though. That mural picture was so easy to find, it was more like a quickness contest.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 9:55 AM (11 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I was having my dinner at the crucial hour!
I thought the 10th century fire-lance mural was ruled out for shooting arrows, rather than bullets?
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 9:58 AM (11 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
No, it doesn't shoot arrows, I think Maps misread the description in the Wiki page for fire lances.
(And anyway, it's pretty hard to define a "bullet" or "gun", isn't it? I'd say any weapon that fires a projectile via a controlled explosion should be called a "gun".)
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 10:05 AM (11 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
The earliest fire lances were spear-like weapons combining a tube containing gunpowder and projectiles tied to a Chinese spear. Upon firing, the charge ejected a small projectile or poison dart along with the flame.
The spear and the gun are separate parts of the same weapon, just like more modern guns have bayonets.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 10:06 AM (11 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
OK, I've looked into this properly now. Where is the evidence that the fire lance in the mural is firing projectiles of any sort? Some fire lances had shrapnel embedded in the tube, but if you read beyond that Wikipedia entry, you'll see that not all did, and certainly not in 950.
From Siege Weapons of the Far East by Stephen Turnbull:
The fire lance or fire spear consisted of an ordinary spear to which was affixed a tube rather like a Roman Candle. When lit by means of a glowing tinder carried in a box at the soldier's belt, it burned for about five minutes, and when it was burned out its operator could use the spear for its conventional purpose. (p41)
He goes on to talk about their development:
Fire lances were also used during the siege of Xiangyang between 1268 and 1274 and as time went by these weapons grew more and more to resemble the hand-held guns that would eventually replace them, as pellets were discharged along with the flames, and certain varieties had metal barrels from as early as 1200 (p42)
In that mural, the fire lance is a flamethrower, not a gun.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 10:59 AM (10 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Well, if you want to go into details, the article you linked offers no proper evidence either that the device in the picture is a gun and not a flamethrower, except that it has the same shape as guns brought to Europe two centuries later. Maybe the first versions of this weapon were merely flamethrowers just like first versions of fire lances were.
Also, I'd still call it into question that it's a "handheld" weapon, if it wasn't like that in real life. And in the picture you can actually see a supporting rod beneath the gun, so maybe it isn't a handheld weapon even inside this "mythical depiction".
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 11:47 AM (9 hours ago) Bookmark
Moreso, it looks like Joseph Needham (quoted in the article) isn't an uncontested authority on the subject:
Significance
Gunpowder did not appear in the West until the late thirteenth century. Therefore, it is clear that gunpowder was a Chinese invention, and its first military applications were also made by the Chinese. However, the first use of gunpowder in guns and cannon is controversial. Some scholars, such as Sinologist Joseph Needham, believe that the transition from bamboo tube to metal barrel to gun and cannon occurred in China in the thirteenth century. Others argue that these weapons are European inventions. Still others trace them to Arab inventors.
Quote from here:
https://salempress.com/store/samples/great_events_from_history_middle_ages/great_events_from_history_middle_ages_invention.htm
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 11:51 AM (9 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
...so it could be that Needham's interpretation that the device in the picture is a gun that fires bullets is incorrect.
I guess Maps will be the final judge here.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 11:56 AM (9 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I have found a clearer picture of the carving, which clearly shows a ball-shaped missile firing from the bombard. And the "rod" doesn't touch the floor - it is clearly being held by the soldier.
http://img134.imageshack.us/img134/3319/ishackimageohd.jpg
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 11:57 AM (9 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
But you can see carving is damaged in the spot where the rod would connect to the floor, so maybe the bit has been scraped off.
Anyway, since Needham himself says that weapon couldn't have been handheld in real life, I guess it's up to our judge to decide whether or not this is a picture of a "handheld gun".
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:04 PM (9 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
"the bit that would show the rod touching the floor has been scraped off"
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:05 PM (9 hours ago) Bookmark
http://www.grandhistorian.com/chinesesiegewarfare/images/bamboogeneral.jpg
According to this page, these devices are the first "true handguns", and they date to the 13th century. The article mentions Needham's finding, but says that it isn't certain whether the picture depicts a gun. Also, it mentions that the date of the statues Needham found is also unclear:
The actual date of the statues are unknown, perhaps dating at the latest to the late Song period of the mid 13th century A.D., and at the earliest to the Northern Song of the late 10th century A.D.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:21 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Anyway, I think this round suddenly became much more interesting. I'm glad you didn't settle for an easy defeat, Alba.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:23 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I saw that page, but those illustrations are not from the 13th century. They are from the Wubei Zhi, published in the 17th century.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:37 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
And, yes, it does question the age of the carving. But it gives mid-13th century as the latest possible date. Still much earlier than 1411 picture you posted before.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:41 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Yeah, I know the pictures don't date from the 13th century, but they are presented as the first "true handguns". So I guess the question remains whether the thing in your pic is a handgun or not.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:52 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I'd say any weapon that fires a projectile via a controlled explosion should be called a "gun".― Tuomas, Thursday, 18 June 2009 10:05
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 12:56 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Chinese_Fire_Lance_with_Pellets.JPG " class="noborder">
This picture of a bullet-firing fire lance, which I posted above, is from the Chinese weapon manual Huolongjing. Huolongjing dates to the 14th Century, so the picture is older than the 1411 picture of European handgun. This is the oldest picture of a real-life handgun I could find, though obviously it isn't as old as the carving of a bombard Needham found. So I leave it up to Maps to decide which one of us won.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 1:07 PM (8 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
I'd say any weapon that fires a projectile via a controlled explosion should be called a "gun".
― Tuomas, Thursday, 18 June 2009 10:05
― Alba, 18. kesäkuuta 2009 14:56 Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
A "gun", yes, but not a "handheld gun". A gun that can't fired from hand is not a handheld gun, and Needham himself says that the gun in question couldn't have been handheld in real life. We were supposed to find "art which includes gun. Musket, blunderbus, good, but no cannon - handheld only". According to Needham the carving has a picture of a bombard, which is a type of a cannon, and not a handheld gun. It is a question of semantics whether Maps meant for us to find art which includes a real-life handheld gun, or a gun that is held by a mythological creature, even though it wasn't handheld in real life.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 1:17 PM (7 hours ago) Bookmark
That bombard is as handheld as a blunderbuss. It's not a "handgun" (which must by definition be designed to be held and fired by one hand alone) but then neither is your fire lance.
The only issue is whether fantastical guns are prohibited. I can see nothing in Maps's criteria to suggest that they are.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 1:49 PM (7 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Also, I don't suppose anyone has a copy of Konrad Kyser von Eichstadt's Belliforti (1405) lying around? Apparently it has a picture of a gun in it.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 1:55 PM (7 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
No, the fire lance could be used by holding it in both hands. That still fits the definition of "handheld", at least to me it does. Whereas with the bombard, according to Needham, "no human could have held the weapon. It would probably have been mounted on a rack." So it couldn't have been "handheld" by any definition of the word.
We were supposed to look for "handheld" guns, not handguns. I guess Maps didn't say "no fantastical guns" (though I'd say it was implied we should look for real weapons), but he did say "no cannons". And a bombard is a cannon.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 1:56 PM (7 hours ago) Bookmark
No, the fire lance could be used by holding it in both hands. That still fits the definition of "handheld", at least to me it does.
Tuomas, you have misread me. I am arguing that both the fire lance and the bombard in the mural fit the criteria. But mine is earlier. If the word "bombard" upsets you, then call it something else. The point is that it is handheld. The "cannon" thing is a red herring - it was only invoked by Maps because the archetypal "cannon" is not handheld.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 2:04 PM (7 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
Fire lance fits the criteria of "handheld" in real life, whereas the bombard fits the criteria of "handheld" only in the fantasy world of that carving. I think it's up to Maps to inform which definition he meant.
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 2:08 PM (7 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
And I still think it's a supportive rod in that pic. ;)
― Tuomas, Thursday, June 18, 2009 2:11 PM (6 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
You are the first authority to suggest so.
Fire lance fits the criteria of "handheld" in real life, whereas the bombard fits the criteria of "handheld" only in the fantasy world of that carving. I think it's up to Maps to inform which definition he meant.
I agree.
― Alba, Thursday, June 18, 2009 2:12 PM (6 hours ago) Bookmark Suggest Ban Permalink
― Maps, Thursday, 18 June 2009 20:33 (sixteen years ago)