hysterical realism / encyclopedic novels

Message Bookmarked
Bookmark Removed
I don't really feel like making all the links but I was reminded of this by some links that come up when you search for 'delillo' on ile.

Here's a paragraph from an old James Woods thing in the Guardian I think:

The other casualty of recent events may well be - it is to be hoped - what I have called "hysterical realism". Hysterical realism is not exactly magical realism, but magical realism's next stop. It is characterised by a fear of silence. This kind of realism is a perpetual motion machine that appears to have been embarrassed into velocity. Stories and sub-stories sprout on every page. There is a pursuit of vitality at all costs. Recent novels by Rushdie, Pynchon, DeLillo, Foster Wallace, Zadie Smith and others have featured a great rock musician who played air guitar in his crib (Rushdie); a talking dog, a mechanical duck and a giant octagonal cheese (Pynchon); a nun obsessed with germs who may be a reincarnation of J Edgar Hoover (DeLillo); a terrorist group devoted to the liberation of Quebec who move around in wheelchairs (Foster Wallace); and a terrorist Islamic group based in North London with the silly acronym Kevin (Smith).

Dave Q mentioned that Pynchon Wallace et al will be seen in the future as having started a new form (i.e. not a novel in the traditional sense I guess). I've seen it suggested elsewhere that Gravity's Rainbow sits in a non-tradition of 'encyclopedic novels' like Tristram Shandy, Ulysses and Finnegans Wake, The Recognitions, Infinite Jest, Underworld. (I've even seen a site, which I can no longer find, sadly, which proposed to study stuff like this and included David Quammen's Song of the Dodo, a nonfiction book on island biodiversity.)

I'm too tired to ask a good question about this, but I just want you to talk about it. Like if this genre exists or could. What good it is, why it's different from normal novels, how they stand in relation to literary history. Whether Woods' jab about 'hysterical realism' has anything to do with it. Similarities to texts requiring hermeneutical methods to read. Or to books not meant to be read linearly. (Like uh the encyclopedia ha.)

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

New Doorstop Answers

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Infinite Jest is the quantum novel, your best guess is 51% likely be correct! (assuming you start reading on the correct page, I can tell you from experience that page 1 isn't it)

Kris, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I basically really dislike the prose style of Delillo and Pynchon. Pynchon especially. I don't understand why he gets compared to James Joyce. There are some superficial similarities, but they seem to me to be the kind of similarities that someone who wasn't very familiar with music would hear between a wind chime with lots of chimes and a Bach harpsichord piece.

maryann, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I don't think anyone compares his prose style to Joyce. I think they compare his scope, and yes that is still a lazy comparison.

Alan Trewartha, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Also, FWIW, I remember enjoying that article (and referring it to a friend) and also seeing it as a good (well earned) kick to Zadie Smith. Did anyone else thing White Teeth was really awful? An utterly hollow, badly plotted, dunderheaded book.

Alan Trewartha, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

james woods is a complete fool

haha i have a friend who says "the problem with pynchon is that he writes like someone who smokes too much dope" => i haf no idea what this means

mark s, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

It means they have only read Vineland

Alexander Blair, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

mark have you ever seen (or read I guess) 'wonder boys'? main character genius author has been long delaying completion of followup to his successful novel because HE CAN'T STOP WRITING his thousands-page novel; his student KATIE HOLMES reads it and says hey dude quit with the hydroponic while you write, it makes you go on and on endlessly about the ancestry of the characters' horses and what kind of cloth their socks are made from and and and

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

and yeah I don't think it's supposed to be a comparison of style, rather of scope, content, organization (or apparent lack of), form, etc. although it's an interesting question whether this kind of thing pushes the style into being weird/nonstandard/amazing as a result of uh... pressures. (an 800-page novel that was 'encyclopedic' in the sense I barely have in mind would seem to have trouble being standardly organized; and no something like Anna Karenina won't cut it - because of including so much disparate information or drawing on it, DIGRESSIONS would be required in the standard form, too many, and in the trad. novel too many digressions = failure)

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

windchiime with lots of chimes - oh so cruel maryann

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Bring me the head of James A Michener

Queen G of the lamenting anal labias, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Now imagine someone with Michener's prolificness and Pynchon's style.

I don't know if the genre per se could exist, but it seems like a logical enough approach. But I'd almost think that it's an approach that's potentially one which could flower more in a non-linear format on the Net or something. There's still a page one and a final page with printed books, and as Kris sagely noted there's something to the idea of not following that path.

Ned Raggett, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Has anyone ever read "hypertext fiction" and liked it?

Tracer Hand, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Josh K: the question is good and stimulating, but surely you and Mark S, who esp. should know better, mean WOOD not WOODS??

the pinefox, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

i mean the star of salvador obv

mark s, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

It was a crap article on hysterical realism because Pynchon DeLillo Wallace and Smith are all mining fundamentally different territory.

Pynchon re-inscribes the present on the past (or more accurately traces the outlines of things to come) while Rushdie reduces the present to the past and DeLillo views the past through the deadening lens of the current theoretical constructs of the world as it is and Wallace is perhaps the only true hysterical realist viewing the future as a fever-dream of the neuroses of the now as science fiction classically has.

Wood simply argues that they all have "weird stuff" in them -- but so have most novels historically absent the period of deadening social realism imposed by righteous-thinking Lukas-brains and other conservatizing forces.

Would he make the same "hysterical realist" jab at Kundera? Or hell, at Gogol?

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Clearest comparison to Ulysses I've seen of Pynchon involves A) omni/non-omniscient narrator slipping in and out of heads and B) firm structure tied to religious conceptions underlying the whole mess in a very direct papal calender sort of way.

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Also, according to Bakhtin the whole POINT of novels is to be incorporative and encyclopedic.

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

gogol? explain please!

gareth, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Well, Dead Souls seems to get pretty involved there...

Ned Raggett, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

A nose? No weirder than a talking duck, you know. Pynchon rips gogol off twice there -- once with the nightmare in GR and once with the ear in M&D.

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Anyway the duck is ACTUALLY HISTORICAL as is its maker.

mark s, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Could you clarify this: but so have most novels historically absent the period of deadening social realism imposed by righteous-thinking Lukas-brains and other conservatizing forces. Not snitty, just I can't read past the typos/jumps to your point. Is 'Lukas' Lukacs, and if so, 'social realist' criticism or social realist novels? Who's imposing what?

Ellie, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

yeah Lukacs & it was just a passing sideswipe at the rift which occured in thinking about novels (critical & novelist alike) where one could either be realist and serious or not-realist and decadent and irrelevant and BOTH parties bought into it to some degree and with a few exceptions a whole span off literature was exiled to the margins for decades because it was the only place it was allowed to exist.

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

by hysterical realism I think he's taking a poke at the more keyed-up antic slapstick bits that crop up in these novels - the giant cheeses and other hitchhikers' guide/monty pythonisms. generally, it turns me off instantly esp in david foster wallace. the strained giggliness of lonely adolescent boys showing off their smarts is not something i like revisiting. in delillo the absurdist episodes - the most photographed barn for instance - just seem like little fables along the way. still makes me feel like he's broken his/my concentration. nicholson baker pulls these stunts too

fritz, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I think Woods is making a lame "too much weird stuff" argument, as someone pointed out but I sympathsize with that feeling. I get kind of uncomfortable when smarty-pants weirdness gets into that Dali- Zappa-Emo Phillips area not because I don't think it's entirely without merit, I'm more embarrassed for it/by it. which I guess means I'm either a square or trying to be too cool, depending on your seats.

, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Emo Phillips is so much cooler than Zappa!

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Given how close the anti-realist tendencies in Postmodernism have always been to magic realism, the existence of things like this hardly seem worth picking out as evidence of some new genre or mode. The encyclopaedic bit seems an entirely separate and orthogonal issue, and I think it's more to do with ambition of scope, an intent to encompass everything much worth saying about a society or time or something. This is hopeless, obviously, but sometimes fun.

Yes, I thought White Teeth was terrible too.

Martin Skidmore, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

the reason I included the thing from wood(s) despite obvious lameness is that his paragraph has a different idea in it than the one he seems to favor. if you take out the 'goes beyond magical realism' part and change the examples from the loony stuff to like meditations on waste disposal and background on o-chem and argentine history, his point sounds more plausible (and 'hysterical realism' sounds like a better name for it): that this is what happens when you write realistically and it's amped up, you can't stop, you follow subplots and substories.

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

because, I should say, I think the loony-bits part of a lot of these books is independent of everything else they do. it's easy to imagine an infinite jest, say, without the silly canadian politics or mason and dixon without the duck and the cheese. (the former especially. and before some smart alec says oh but the blah blah integral to the blah blah, I don't care about that, sure the books would be different, but they could have more or less the same kind of structure, organization, etc. I can only assume that people make this point about m+d constantly because they only read the press notes - really, the weird things there are minor.)

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

pinefox: whatever. I mean the dude who no one liked in the old thread whose paragraph I stole.

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

a telling test is to answer the question, 'what's it about?' for such books. I'm always amused how answers for gravity's rainbow focus around slothrop and the bombs-falling thing, because it seems so inadequate and furthermore doesn't even go past section 1, really. I suspect this question is in general harder to answer for the kinds of books I'm talking about - maybe because it's just not an appropriate question.

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

So are these books a kind of impressionism? Where all the subplots and footnotes and oddities form a kind of impression of a system, or a feeling for a world, but don't explicitly tell a story? (NB I have never read any of the books under discussion) I think "what's it about" is an appropriate question for a novel, and should be fairly easily answered, at least at a basic level. "It's about a dinosaur theme park that gets out of control" or "It's about three brothers and their relationship with their father" or "It's about drug culture in New York in the 50s". Sometimes in the movies this is called "the popcorn test" --> you get up to get some popcorn and when you come back you say "what happened?" and if it's a good movie hopefully there's something to say. Ultimately: maybe you can't say what it's about because there's no story?

Mad Bert, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

no, these books definitely tell stories - and often when they're separate stories they are connected in some way like the characters meeting or such. the stories get TOO COMPLICATED to tell like a friend after a movie kinda answer though. in contrast even the answer for a book like anna karenina would be fairly adequate, if missing some details, if it glossed over a lot of stuff. (maybe not levin's meditations on the way to run a farm, but... the love stories between the major characters.)

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

seeing your sample answers makes me think of something, too - answers like 'it's about three brothers and their relationship' are pretty general but on target. but if you try something general for some of these, I think you end up having to answer in terms of themes ('it's about the search for happiness', 'it's about how postcapitalist culture makes machines out of people') instead of character/plot. (an answer with a theme would often seem to beg the question, well how is it about that theme?)

Josh, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Err for some reason I always want to conduct analyses of media in terms of other media (e.g. "the advent of photography forver changed the role of painters in visual art") so why not do the same thing here? We get our naturalistic narrative in 10 minute to 3 hour spans of television or film time; we get it naturalistically, visibly, with audio, with narration when appropriate; in fact we've developed all sorts of commonly-understood filmic and televised shorthands for the sorts of things that would once have comprised the non-narrative portions of novels; in fact we "read" television and films specifically to get that same non-narrative novelistic stuff out of them ...

Doesn't a medium inevitably shift toward whatever sort of expression it's most suited to at the moment? Long books because the very act of reading a book is now a vote for length and weight and something narratively vaster and more complex and television or cinema can economically offer. Giant talking reincarnated cheese in wheelchairs because the very act of reading a book can be a vote for something other than the constant (and necessary!) bows to reality in visual-narrative media. (Add to which increasingly texty writing -- whether it's OuLiPan formalism or Cormac McCarthy puking all over the pages -- because more than anything text is no longer a medium of necessity, it implies a choice to read text in a world where it's thousands of times easier to get information and narratives from other sources.)

That said, I hate that sort of fabulism when it's done in the pseudo- pomo complaint-about-consumer-culture style (My Cousin, My Gastroenterologist, most recently Bear vs. Shark, which was the only book in the past 5 years that I have deliberately stopped reading as a protest to its being, well, basically evil if you ask me, a result of the sickening and saddest and most cowardly artistic impulses ever collected between two covers) -- the text point I think I'm trying to make above is if not akin to magic realism then some sort of a highly-organized symbolic fabulism, something that recognizes the fact that the beauty of text in a visual world is that it can completely mix together the abstract and the concrete ... a fabulism, I suppose, that's not involved in its own being fabulism but rather simply takes every liberty that text still offers to get at something else.

And NB Underworld was not in the least hysterical, just an historical novel that takes the usual historical-novel liberty of connecting the vast sweep of history to a small set of characters. And DeLillo does that without even getting near the grating level of forced-coincidence most fiction-about-history winds up using (which is itself still maybe 2% of the forced-coincidence level of Don Quixote).

nabisco%%, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

one thing the duck is is this: duck&chef = intensification device of sense of lack of relationship whichever it is of m or d lacks by being widowed

the duck is historical and so is its maker, but obv these stories abt it aren't: m&d is about loss (and then some) -> in this instance, possibilities that are being lost by the encroachment of actual science & cultural unity of understanding (as signified by the latitude grid) => duck = fortean-type anomaly on the cusp point (couldn't exist before since no technology/couldn't exist after since everyone knew it was impossible)

kind of like what's lost to us now we know abt spacetravel, which to ppl in 1955 was still open and possible, but to ppl in 1915 wasn't yet on the menu

mark s, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

giant cheese just = giant cheese obv

mark s, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

also it's not octagonal, it's octuple eg made of squid milk

mark s, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

It comes from the constantly-on critical consciousness of all these authors (esp. DFW), so that they can't just write without getting all insecure; so they end up getting just totally positivist like John Cusack's character in Say Anything. Everything they have to say is still relevant (and we wouldn't have them any other way), but it comes from what amounts to a nervous tic (of course none of them would ever admit it..)

Dan I., Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

n: Underworld is deadeningly historical because he brushes so constantly WITH the grain of history -- compare with Vidal who is more historical and more vivid: he reimagines because he must to make it true, while delillo "reimagines" what everyone already has.

Sterling Clover, Wednesday, 12 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

underworld is the forrest gump it's ok to like

Fritz, Thursday, 13 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

MACK
returns to seat holding large bag of popcorn
So what happened?

JASON
They searched for happiness.

MACK
sighing
No, really, what happened?

JASON
Well alright what really happened was that postcapitalist culture made machines out of everyone.

Tracer Hand, Thursday, 13 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

but....heee, oh shit, i think....no ummmm.

sorry, thought this was the dennis cooper thread.

Queen G of the subterranean anal blues, Thursday, 13 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

gilbert adair tells this story against himself (he is the world's most pretentious man, kind of, but the story is funny) (kind of)

GA was/is a famous london-based film reviewer, of the art-movies only variety, esp.if french: he arrived late at a screening in the early 80s, asked the guy next to him in a whisper what had happened so far, and got told => afterwards in the bar he complained loudly, "When I ask, 'What happened so far?' why is it assumed that I want the PLOT retold? Perhaps I wanted a resumé of the mise-en-scène?"

Collapse of entire bar into ribald guffaws: GA teased abt this at screenings for years to come...

mark s, Thursday, 13 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

T.H, ha ha ha

maryann, Thursday, 13 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

mark are you sure that is the story? i remember something similar from a book of his essays - maybe surfing the zeitgeist - except that it was someone else who walked in late to an arty french film, sat next to GA, and asked what was going on. GA responded with some cutting remark along the lines of the above, but (much) later realised the error of his ways.

(i used to really like GA's reviews a few years back, but really went off him when i read him banging on about how all pop music was unlistenable rubbish. also his claim that the beer drinking scene in rosetta was worth the price of admission on its own was clearly false.)

toby, Friday, 14 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

haha toby i think you are right, but the point is surely the same: i hid my copy of surfing the zeitgeist away in a corner becuz its title is so naff => yes GA is a more than a wee bit momus abt actual real pop culture (viz the "popular" bit of it ie) but he is also worthwhile for the contrarian-despite-being-infuriating value of what he ACTUALLY values that others overlook (also like momus, come to think of it)

mark s, Friday, 14 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

(this reminds me that i really really really shd read that GA- compiled faber anthology on cinema that has been lying around my house for years; as i recall from skimming it his intros were pretty ace.)

toby, Friday, 14 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

"more than a wee bit momus abt actual real pop culture"
Wha!? Finally! "Momus" as a synonym for "pretentious"!

Dan I., Friday, 14 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

no i just meant he is fulsomely against "the popular" => i am in no position to call either momus or g.adair pretentious pot-kettlewise and anyway i think it is a compiment sorta

mark s, Friday, 14 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I was intentionally pulling out of context. I am a very bad person.

Dan I., Friday, 14 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

two months pass...
Finally, someone who doesn't think Underworld is a modern classic. First off, delillo writes the book like he sat down and said "I'm going to write a classic." the whole novel is written in the most pompous voice. Secondly, its like Hemmingway on crack, he just keeps jumping from subject to subject, the dialouge is painful to read. Finally, and most importingly, it's filled with those lines that snap you out of the hypnosis a good book is supposed to put you under, this book simply makes you realize you're reading.

Stan, Wednesday, 28 August 2002 00:02 (twenty-three years ago)

I'd pay good money for books by Hemingway on crack, personally. However, I make it a point to always object when anyone compares someone or some band to X on Drug Y. And I have yet to read a book that didn't make me realise I am reading. These days, it almost seems disingenuous for a book to act as if it is unconscious of the fact.

Martin Skidmore (Martin Skidmore), Wednesday, 28 August 2002 10:02 (twenty-three years ago)

nine months pass...
This thread features a number of ILX greats writing with unusual clarity and purpose. I give four and one-half of five stars.

amateurist (amateurist), Friday, 30 May 2003 20:22 (twenty-two years ago)

Also I like Nabisco's functionalist account of literary trends.

amateurist (amateurist), Friday, 30 May 2003 20:23 (twenty-two years ago)

I miss Ellie.

nabisco (nabisco), Friday, 30 May 2003 20:37 (twenty-two years ago)

Meanwhile, James Woods' novel is not faring so well.

Mary (Mary), Friday, 30 May 2003 20:40 (twenty-two years ago)


You must be logged in to post. Please either login here, or if you are not registered, you may register here.