Why do names of genres change?

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For instance, often when there is no or little significant change in the style of music but the recognised name for the genre does change.

I remember when people started referring to Swing as R'n'B (which I found odd because Rhythm'n'Blues was something entirely different in my mind) and by 1999 it had completely replaced the term.

The most obvious example of this is Jungle into Drum'n'Bass and I believe that D'n'B had been coined well before the genre metamorphosised.

What about Rap into Hip Hop. Obviously Hip Hop has existed since the year dot but people would talk about "Rap Music" when referring to the music rather than the fashion a lot more up until about 1992.

I don't really know what the question is here, but why does this happen? Couldn't we have kept Swing (itself a bit of a misleading name) and ditched R'n'b? Also - isn't Emo just the same as Grunge but with jet-black hair?

dog latin (dog latin), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 11:35 (twenty years ago)

Swing = Glenn Miller

then what?

mark grout (mark grout), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 11:48 (twenty years ago)

Of course MTV still have separate Best Rap and Best Hip-Hop categories at their video awards shows. Nobody is quite sure why.

I remember the Swing -> RnB switch too. Not sure why it happened. I still like and would defend the Urban term now as it's sufficiently ambiguous enough in terms of describing the sound to escape the usual pitfalls of genre-coining i.e. too specific, soon out-of-date.

DnB came out of what people were calling 'Intelligent' at one point, the more abstract or ambient form of the music as opposed to jungle/jump-up - irony being that drums and bass were the focal points of the latter whereas the former leaned towards melodic elements, jazz etc. Naturally there was some resentment by Jungle fans to the 'Intelligent' term as having only just banished the 'racist' connotations of the word it implied their preferred style was 'stupid'.

Sociah T Azzahole (blueski), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 12:24 (twenty years ago)

I always assumed it was for PC reasons that "jungle" became "drum & bass". Which is unfortunate since, as I've said many times, drum & bass is the stupidest, least imaginative name for a musical genre ever. What sort of popular music DOESN'T rely on drum and bass for chrissakes? Actually, there might be minute (or large) differences between the two that I don't know about; in fact, there probably are - I'm way out of my element here. But even so, there's no denying that "drum & bass" is a useless term.

Myonga Von Bontee (Myonga Von Bontee), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 13:02 (twenty years ago)

>drum & bass is the stupidest, least imaginative name for a musical genre ever<

Nah, that'd be "nu-metal".

I never knew r&b was ever called "swing", either, though! (New Jack Swing, maybe...) (Was "swing" something British people called it?)

Also, remember when "metal" changed its name to "grunge"?

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 13:36 (twenty years ago)

Remember when "nu-metal" was referred to as "sports metal"? Those were the days.

Dom Passantino (Dom Passantino), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 13:37 (twenty years ago)

Honestly, the rap music ---> hip-hop one always bugged me, too. (Or the idea that there was somehow a DIFFERENCE between the two, which difference still eludes me.) (Also, it really bugged me when "techno" suddenly became a specific KIND of techno, without telling anybody.)

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 13:38 (twenty years ago)

The rap/hip hop thing: isn't it a dichotomy created by old school purists to distinguish between "sold-out" commerical pop-rap?

KRS-1: "RAP is something you do; HIP HOP is something you live."

Gavin, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 13:55 (twenty years ago)

"I never knew r&b was ever called "swing", either, though! (New Jack Swing, maybe...) (Was "swing" something British people called it?)"

no, it was what the inventors of the sound, i.e. teddy riley called it.

ILM in ignorance over black music shocker

yawn, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:02 (twenty years ago)

I never heard Teddy Riley/Guy/Keith Sweat/Bobby Brown/Al B Sure/Johnny Kemp/etc. called just "swing," not even once. That's not to say it wasn't, but I was anything but "ignorant" of the music at the time. It was always called New Jack Swing, as far as I remember. (As Mark Grout says, "Swing" to me still means Glen Miller.)

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:09 (twenty years ago)

Also: Did New Jack Swing, or "swing" as you're saying it was once called, even EXIST after, say, the early '90s? What music, exactly, wound up being called "r&b"? New Jack Swing was pretty much a late '80s sound; I thought it just kind of disappeared, more or less!

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:11 (twenty years ago)

yeah but swing is just an abbreviation of new jack swing... sorry i said you were ignorant. maybe it IS a british thing, just calling it swing.

new jack swing mutated into R&B after the late 80s/early 90s, yep...

yawn, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:12 (twenty years ago)

http://www.distributedhistory.com/njsessay.htm

Gavin, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:13 (twenty years ago)

Well, it was PART of r&b to begin with. It never *wasn't* r&b. And yeah, r&b still existed after new jack swing really didn't anymore. But that hardly means it "changed into" r&b, as far as I can tell.

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:15 (twenty years ago)

but it wasnt called R&B back in the early 90s, it was still called soul, at least it was in the UK. it was only around the mid 90s that it started being called R&B. i remember it specifically, cos all the big retailers changed the shelving titles.

okok, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:22 (twenty years ago)

Well, again, that's the UK, where hardly any of it came from. By the '80s, "soul" in the United States pretty much meant old music, unless you were talking, say, new ZZ Hill or Betty Wright or Tyrone Davis records. (SOUTHERN Soul, maybe -- which is probably not the opposite of what Brits call "Northern Soul," which means {new} jackshit to Amurricans.) At any rate, "r&b" was pretty much in use in the states by, hell, 1979 or 1980 even. (Christgau, in his 1979 Pazz & Jop essay I believe, noted that the term was coming back into vogue, since Michael Jackson's *Off The Wall* wasn't exactly disco anymore. I don't think anything much had been called r&b here before that since the pre-soul '50s, though I could be completely wrong about that.) At any rate: England was just lagging behind, as usual.

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:31 (twenty years ago)

I have to break in here to refute the original assertion of emo being grunge with black hair. Apart from having loud, often distorted guitars in their songs (sometimes), and sharing a tendency for bands to perform in the clothes they woke up in, I don't see any similarities. It seems especially strange in light of the popularly-held notion that emo, in fact, was the earlier idiotically-named-sub-sub-genre. Then again, maybe I'm overthinking this.

owen moorhead (i heart daniel miller), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:35 (twenty years ago)

Yep, I was right; Robert Christgau in 1979:

"Four 'r&b' acts (the term is returning to favor) made the album list, expanded this year from 30 to 40 in honor of an enlarged electorate and the curly-headed kid in the third row. More black input would have meant more commanding finishes for all four--crossover queen Donna Summer, comeback prince Michael Jackson, disco pacemakers Chic, and elder statesman Stevie Wonder--as well as for Ashford & Simpson (Stay Free, 44th), probably Dionne Warwick (Dionne, 52nd), and possibly Millie Jackson (Live and Uncensored, 55th)."


------------
(And nope, I still have no fucking idea what he meant by "the curly-headed kid in the third row.")

xp

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:36 (twenty years ago)

>Apart from having loud, often distorted guitars in their songs (sometimes), and sharing a tendency for bands to perform in the clothes they woke up in, I don't see any similarities<

Pretty melodies, often verging on what used to be called powerpop (at least in Nirvana-type grunge). And oh yeah, also "intense emotion."

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:38 (twenty years ago)

Teddy Riley invented R&B?!?

jaymc (jaymc), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 14:44 (twenty years ago)

> The most obvious example of this is Jungle into Drum'n'Bass

Peel said on at least two occasions that Jungle had originally been called 'Fast Reggae'.

(http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/alt/johnpeel/features/peel_tributes_sms.shtml and search within the page for 'fast reggae')

koogs (koogs), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 15:00 (twenty years ago)

(i realise this makes me sound like the old bloke in armando iannucci's tv series but...)

koogs (koogs), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 15:04 (twenty years ago)

In the UK at least, there were compilations being released with artists like R Kelly on them with names like "Pure Swing" up until at least 1996.

dog latin (dog latin), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 15:48 (twenty years ago)

That "curly-headed kid" comment, plus the fact that Christgau rarely says anything that mysterious for no reason, got me googling. Turns out the "curly headed kid in the third row" was a nickname for Peter Tripp, the man who started top-40 radio:

http://www.history-of-rock.com/peter_tripp.htm

Sang Freud (jeff_s), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 16:07 (twenty years ago)

Ha, that makes perfect sense, then!!

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 16:09 (twenty years ago)

As far as the difference between rap and hiphop goes, I always thought that rap was a subset of hiphop (I wish I could post a venn diagram here), where hiphop was a style of music with a certain rhythm or musical cadence, and rap was a form of hiphop with the "rapid reciting of rhyming lyrics" (Student's Oxford Canadian Dictionary).

peepee (peepee), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 16:15 (twenty years ago)

So, what music would count as hip-hop but NOT rap, then (by peepee's definition)? Destiny's Child, maybe? Aaliyah? Or, er, New Jack Swing?? (I'd consider all of those hip-hop-influenced r&b, but if somebody actually considers them actual hip-hop, that's fine with me.)

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 16:19 (twenty years ago)

I mean, I guess there's also instrumental stuff, like DJ Shadow or whoever...

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 16:20 (twenty years ago)

It probably is a very LARGE subset.

peepee (peepee), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 16:23 (twenty years ago)

Just noticed this:

Talk about the genre known as Swingbeat

Now, "swingbeat" I think I DID hear of. But wasn't that, like, Soul II Soul (and pretty much nobody else) as opposed to the New Jack Swingsters?

xhuxk, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 22:10 (twenty years ago)

Of course MTV still have separate Best Rap and Best Hip-Hop categories at their video awards shows. Nobody is quite sure why.

so they can give out two awards!

tylero (tylero), Wednesday, 12 October 2005 22:19 (twenty years ago)

Can you tell me where all the Sabbath riffz are in emo? thx

Curt1s St3ph3ns, Wednesday, 12 October 2005 22:48 (twenty years ago)

Soul II Soul (and pretty much nobody else)

But how was SIIS any kind of anomaly, since the break of "Back to Life," was the most present break of the early '90s (it's in Kris Kross' "Jump," for Chrissakes!!!)? I mean, that shit was like the "Good Times" of its day (not that it necessarily originated with Soul II Soul -- I think it mighta been copped from Coldcut's "Paid in Full" remix).

Richj (Rich), Thursday, 13 October 2005 00:51 (twenty years ago)

As I recall, "swingbeat" was the term used in the Brit press around the peak of SWV and En Vogue.

"Swing" was what Cherry Poppin' Daddies, Squirrel Nut Zippers and Brian Setzer tried to bring into the mainstream a couple of years later.

MindInRewind (Barry Bruner), Thursday, 13 October 2005 02:19 (twenty years ago)

How many different names has IDM (+ subgenres) had to this point?

Around 2000, *everything* got shoved under the umbrella of "IDM", in much the same way that a bunch of genres got lumped together as "ambient" in the early 90's.

MindInRewind (Barry Bruner), Thursday, 13 October 2005 02:21 (twenty years ago)

It would be interesting if Puff Daddy, P. Diddy and Diddy were all filed under different genres.

Snot-nosed Billy Goat Child, Thursday, 13 October 2005 02:44 (twenty years ago)

Umm the genre names still the same dude. Pay attention please!

Full Tilt Boogie, Thursday, 13 October 2005 03:27 (twenty years ago)

when did rock and roll become rock? and when did people then start making a clear distinction between the two? and what the hell is that clear distinction anyway? and is one a subset of the other? (and, hey, when and why did r&b become rock and roll?)

fact checking cuz (fcc), Thursday, 13 October 2005 04:13 (twenty years ago)

_Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues_ by Elijah Wald has a lot of interesting insight into genre evolution, particularly with regards to the blues and its progeny...

casey (t. fiend), Thursday, 13 October 2005 04:21 (twenty years ago)

Rock and Roll became Rock when it became uncool to dance.

peepee (peepee), Thursday, 13 October 2005 11:08 (twenty years ago)

Right - When the music stopped rolling,

>Can you tell me where all the Sabbath riffz are in emo? thx <

Can you tell me where they are in grunge??

xhuxk, Thursday, 13 October 2005 12:57 (twenty years ago)

(Well, Soungarden, I suppose. But I'm not even sure they really pulled off the Iommi-thing, riffwise. And as hard as the other bands tried, I can't remember any of them that even came close.) (As for where emo bands are trying, um, screamo maybe? Not that I can cite specific bands. And I'm sure they do no better at it than grunge did.)

xhuxk, Thursday, 13 October 2005 13:22 (twenty years ago)

Rock and Roll became Rock when it became uncool to dance

........Right - When the music stopped rolling

chicken or the egg

peepee (peepee), Thursday, 13 October 2005 13:42 (twenty years ago)

when did rock and roll become rock? and when did people then start making a clear distinction between the two? and what the hell is that clear distinction anyway? and is one a subset of the other? (and, hey, when and why did r&b become rock and roll?)

I dunno, i think there's a noticeable difference between r&b and rock and roll - it's not a hard and fast dividing line or nothin, but the higher country/folk content in rock and roll is worth noting. there's stuff that's both r&b and r&r (little richard, bo diddley, fats domino) and then there's stuff that's way more r&r than it is r&b (chuck berry, johnny burnette, el vez).

and i'm not sure i'd agree that r&r became plain ol' rock when it stopped rolling so much as when the rocking gained primary emphasis. there's lots of rock bands that roll (since we're talking about them already, sabbath's a good example, and i'd say they're a rock band more than they are a r&r band).

Zack Richardson (teenagequiet), Thursday, 13 October 2005 13:49 (twenty years ago)

To confuse rap and hip hop is to make a category error. Hip hop is a genre (basically instrumental funk). Rap is a form of vocal delivery. You can rap ("to rap" being a verb) over punk, thrash metal, electro, jazz, etc. Hip hop is the genre with which rap is most commonly associated.

john lewis (johnnylewis), Thursday, 13 October 2005 15:16 (twenty years ago)

But rap is a genre, too (or at least it used to be one). (LOTS of verbs are genres - rock, swing, bounce. One doesn't negate the other.)

xhuxk, Thursday, 13 October 2005 15:39 (twenty years ago)

And lots of intstrumental funk - say, "Scorpio" by Dennis Coffey, or "Theme From S.W.A.T." by Rhythm Heritage - is not hip-hop (or at least, nobody called these tunes hip-hop when they first came out.)

xhuxk, Thursday, 13 October 2005 15:42 (twenty years ago)

Hip hop can also refer to the fashion, dancing, attitudes, etc. associated with black urban youth culture post 80s. Not necessarily music. And I've never heard of hip hop referring to the genre of instrumental funk.

I prefer to say I like "rap music" because it avoids all the stupid "this is/isn't hip hop" political crap debates (although I don't know if those are as prevalent as they were a few years ago).

Gavin, Thursday, 13 October 2005 15:51 (twenty years ago)

I mean, Sugarhill Records called its early compilations *The Great Rap Hits*, not *The Great Hip-Hop Hits.* If it wasn't a genre, rap music sure did a pretty good imitation of one. Eventually certain people in hip-hop may have decided it *shouldn't* be considered a genre, but that doesn't mean it never was one.

xp

xhuxk, Thursday, 13 October 2005 15:52 (twenty years ago)

But Chuck, the full measure of the stupidity of the term "nu-metal" is only apparent when you READ it!

(major x-posts)

Myonga Von Bontee (Myonga Von Bontee), Friday, 14 October 2005 16:57 (twenty years ago)

Didn't nu-metal use to be called rap-metal?

LeRooLeRoo (Seb), Friday, 14 October 2005 17:05 (twenty years ago)

Well, it was never called "hip-hop metal," that's for sure. (I kinda like when people called it "mook metal." That makes way more sense than *Spin's completely meaningless (and sorry, myonga, still quite retarded when spoken) "nu" {complete with an umlaut earned only by Rammstein.) I also like whoever in the New York Times called bands like the Cure and Smiths "mope-rock" back in the day. That totally fit. As did "complaint rock" (for Nirvana et al I think: hey wait I got a new complaint), which I think came from the *Clueless* movie.

xhuxk, Friday, 14 October 2005 17:21 (twenty years ago)

New jack swing doesn't even swing! All those rikki-tikki dotted 8th notes.

Jordan (Jordan), Friday, 14 October 2005 17:33 (twenty years ago)

You guys keep emphasizing the "what," but the question has a "why" in it.

The sound of the music is never the whole story, and sometimes is barely any of the story.

For about 10 minutes in the mid '80s rock press, "rap" was the term used by the average fan of music, while "hip-hop" was the term used by "those in the know" to differentiate themselves from those not quite in the know. Then the latter got hip to the term "hip-hop," and those in the know had nowhere to run, so just had to mix with the others.

Frank Kogan (Frank Kogan), Friday, 14 October 2005 18:51 (twenty years ago)

The term "rock" comes along with the British Invasion. "Rock 'n' roll" has teenybopper and pop connotations, while "rock" implies something tougher and more serious. And your parents use the words interchangeably, so you can just smirk, 'cause they don't know from shit. I had a music teacher in 1967 who referred to the youth music as "rock and roll," and all the kids laughed at him. "Rock 'n' roll" was a bunch of oldies by then.

Then in the late '60s some writers in Michigan want to reclaim their immaturity, so they stick the term "rock 'n' roll" in the subhead of their magazine, and the term becomes a code word for a whole bunch of new sounds and new modes of dress (and a new respect for some not-quite-so-new sounds/dresses), which new modes eventually get called - somewhat interchangeably, for a while - glitter, glam, heavy metal, punk.

Did hippies in the '60s ever call themselve "hippies"? This probably varied from place to place, but most called themselves freaks ('cause the media called them hippies), and those who called themselve hippies stopped after 20 minutes and spent the rest of the decade enjoying the fact that the media didn't have a clue.

Frank Kogan (Frank Kogan), Friday, 14 October 2005 19:07 (twenty years ago)

I like the r&b segment in System of a Down's "BYOB": nĂ¼-r&b.

Frank Kogan (Frank Kogan), Friday, 14 October 2005 19:12 (twenty years ago)

And I've never heard of hip hop referring to the genre of instrumental funk.

But I have heard the term "hip-hop" used to refer not to funk as a whole but to the funk records (by no means instrumental-only) that the original hip-hop DJs played.

Frank Kogan (Frank Kogan), Friday, 14 October 2005 19:19 (twenty years ago)


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