Genrephobia Reconsidered

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So, electronic dance music and genre. The standard line (cf. Simon Reynolds) is that this huge body of music is constantly inbreeding, growing, dying, mutating, and so on, and we need to develop new genre classifications to discuss and keep up with it all. Progressive house, deep house, tech-house, handbag house, micro house, ambient house, tribal house, acid house -- that’s eight genres & we haven’t even left the house. There are probably ten more sub-genres in house, at least as many in drum’n’bass, and so on.

Until the early 90s, there were only a handful of genre terms in usage. A dude played acoustic guitar and sang, you called him “Folk.” Donna Summer, w/ the sleek machine productions of Giorgio Moroder was called “Disco”, and so was the organic party outfit KC and the Sunshine Band. They sounded nothing alike, and yet “Disco” worked just fine.

Did the explosion of different genres really have anything to do with the music? Wasn’t music always inbreeding, mutating and so on, even before London pirate radio? What was lost in not having the all the terms back in those days?

I have a feeling the explosion of dance music genre classifications really came about as a way for DJs and clubs to market themselves, but I want to know what you think. How’d it happen, why did it happen, and are we the better for it, in a nutshell.

Mark, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

It's 2002 and smart quotes are still fucking up web pages. Sorry about that.

Mark, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I'd say we're categorically worse off for all this genre- hairsplitting: because not only is it impossible to keep up with, it's alienating and ultimately distracting from the music itself.

I lay the blame squarely on the music industry's increased tendency towards niche-marketing and demographics, plain and simple. Create these artifical distinctions and subcultures, encourage ridiculously insular definitions of "cool" and you have more people fighting over who's hip and whose not and spending millions of dollars in the process. Total bullshit.

Shaky Mo Collier, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Yes but didn't the trend toward sub-genres come from somewhere other than the mainstream music industry (presumably the only part of the music industry that does target marketting)? When I think of dance music & genre, I think of all those white label outfits that sell 100 copies of a 12-inch.

Mark, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Just because the mainstream music industry are the only people who have the *technology* and means to implement target marketing, doesn't mean they're the only people to adopt it as a strategy. The almost instantaneous collusion between advertising and electronic music (something that took years to happen with other genres) is a clue here. All those little white-promo-label/DJ-centric/independent manufacturers have realized that to move their product they need to "brand" themselves as part of a movement, a genre. Make some minor adjustments to the formula here (for example, change the bpm range, or omit certain instruments or sounds) and voila! New style! Thus, if you were ahead of the curve as a "jungle" label, you could possibly make a mark for yourself and rake in some cash before the next fad hit and you had to re-program all your drum machine software.

The thing is, this hair-splitting of genres defies reason - it even defies listening, as its often impossible to single out the minute differences between one "style" or another, even for someone deeply familiar with the music's evolution. The motivation behind these sort of distinctions bears almost no connection to anything aesthetic, it's motivated almost entirely by a marketing philosophy.

Shaky Mo Collier, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

B-but don't genres drive the evolution?

Sterling Clover, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Surely the presence of DJs have as much to do with it as the actual music-production.

"What does he/she spin?"
"_________"

nabisco%%, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I didn't mean to imply that DJs are excluded from the equation - obviously they're a central part of it, in exactly the manner you imply (ie, if someone asks you what you spin, you better have a damn good answer, because as a DJ you *are* what you play). So you end up with DJs multiplying styles because they want to stand out as original or different. Ergo: "What do you spin?" "Ultra- mambo." "Oooh! What's that?" etc.

Shaky Mo Collier, Thursday, 16 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Part of the reason for the proliferation of genres, must be the explosion of music media. My first awareness of the explosion of genres happened immediately post Acid House in the UK, when style mags were falling over themselves to work out what was the next big thing (will it be Deep House ? Belgian New Beat ? Detroit Techno). Looking back those genres are as similar/different as Donna Summer was to KC and the Sunshine Band.

The same must happens now, with all the differing music mags (particularly dance, though indie music press can be as bad), keen to spot the next scene so they can plaster it all over the cover in the hope of selling more copies (NMEs Emo cover, Sleaze Nation's Electroclash cover). I would have thought there are more music mags/web-sites/tv stations/radio stations, keen to genrify now.

mfreake@iii.co.uk, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Until the early 90s, there were only a handful of genre terms in usage.

It's partially a case of natural selection though, isn't it? I was reading a copy of The Face from the eighties the other day and came across quite a few casual references to genres that we wouldn't even recognise today. I like "neurofunk" but similarly I imagine even dance fans in ten years will have no idea what it is. The big ones will survive, and the rest will be resubsumed within the broader tags.

Tim, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

all the differing music mags (particularly dance, though indie music press can be as bad), keen to spot the next scene so they can plaster it all over the cover in the hope of selling more copies (NMEs Emo cover, Sleaze Nation's Electroclash cover).

Is this necessarily the logic behind it? I wonder whether inventing a new 'scene' as the NME is always accused of doing would actually help sell more copies than putting the old familiars back on the cover: eg. will a Miss Kitten cover sell more copies than an Oasis cover? (There are probably factual answers to this.) Although I suppose it might be different with the Dance music press; but then I always get the impression that part of their selling point is their claim to be down with the latest thing.

But I feel it might be more to do with having to sell to your riders a sense of being on the 'inside': and as popular music becomes (arguably) more differentiated and heterogeneous it becomes harder and harder to keep up. The proliferation of generic labels partly reflects the need of micro-groupings within scenes to articulate their identities and partly testifies to the difficulty of pinning down those scenes from the outside. Every time you think you've got a handle on it, it's mutated again, damn it :-)

So maybe that's a two-way answer to the original question, that it happens from above, and from below.

alext, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I wonder if the dance thing had another effect. To take people into a trance-like state you need a long period of a lot of records that sound very similar.

Perhaps the new genrification was about focussing music. House nights had to supply hours of house, ditto jungle. The finer distinctions of the new vocabulary meant people could demarcate and refer to more tightly defined musical styles. That meant record producers didn't go off-message with variant rhythms or moods. And DJs could find continuous stream of new but very similar tracks.

phil, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

DJ's should just tell everyone "I spin hyper-infra-funk-inflected-picoambient-nu-techstep/elektroviolent-trip -soul-fusion...with a touch of wiccan gospel...and samples of Bix Beiderbeck."
And change the buzzwords every time some posuer asks the question.

Lord Custos 2.0 beta, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

INVENT YORU OWN SUB-SUB-SUB-SUB-GENRE! BE THE ENVY OF POSUERS EVERYWHERE!
"I spin...
(hyper | hypo | ultra | infra)
(hyper | hypo | ultra | infra)
"___________ inflected"
(mega | meta | pico | nano)
(ambient | hardcore)
(nu- | old skool)
(techstep | indie | underground)
(elektro | psycho | roboto)
(hip- | trip- | skip-)
(hop | rave | house | polka)
"...with a touch of (random religion)(random other genre)"
"with (samples | beats) from (ultra-obscure musical figure, the more obscure the better.)"

Lord Custos 2.0 beta, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

"I spin...
hypo-ultra cool-jazz inflected meta-hardcore old skool indie psycho-skip-rave with a touch of shaolin disco but with riff lifted from old Jandek Vinyl."

Lord Custos 2.0 beta, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

LC you are consistently the man with the freshest jokes on ILX.

Tim, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Nu-huh -- LC is not Shaolin disco.

Andy K, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

"a touch of wiccan gospel...and samples of Bix Beiderbeck."

want it, want it

Actually shouldn't someone go away and write a genre-name generating perl-script at this point ... oh god, don't let it be me!

phil, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

I think it's because of dance music shops, mostly, and the sheer quantity of product they move. If you go into a shop that has 200 new records in since the last time you went in, you don't want to have to say "can I listen to all the stuff that's about 120bpm with a rounded organic sound, a nod to soul and lots of ethnic percussion?" you want to say "can I listen to your new tribal stuff?"

I certainly doubt that it's all about marketing - look how keen every single record label is not to get pigeonholed too much. They all know that microgenres have a lifespan of 2-3 years and that they definitely don't want to be stereotyped as (say) techstep at a time when that style is unsellable.

It's a general 90s 00s media proliferation effect. It's happening to books, films and comics to name only a few. There's so much more of everything now that we need genre shorthands to break it down into manageable chunks.

Genre is actually a prerequisite to finding interesting music in many ways. It is easy enough to build up a 'canonical' record collection from reading music criticism, but to dig deeper you nearly always have to dive into a genre - it's simply impossible to browse the whole of Audiogalaxy or HMV - you need to take them section by section and browse all the house first, then the garage etc. Then you realise that your local specialist retailer has so much more house, but there you have to go through all the chicago house, then the jazzy house etc. etc.

It's simple mechanics...

jacob, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Actually shouldn't someone go away and write a genre-name generating perl-script at this point ... oh god, don't let it be me!
Well, Phil, feel free to use my earlier post as source code.

Lord Custos 2.0 beta, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

it's all about elitists and ego trips. no one new to the scene can really be a revolutionary techno dj anymore (techno being a dance genre dinosaur). but you can just creat your own sub-sub-sub genre, like, say, philly-acid-tech-breaks; and viola - you're cutting edge. and anyone that isn't into philly-acid-tech-breaks is dirt or behind the times. cha-ching.

dyson, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Well, it can't be a mid 90s thing, it must have been going at least from 89, as Generation X contains a term to describe it:

Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: "The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska."

Dom Passantino, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Nice research, thanks for that.

Mark, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Nu-huh -- LC is not Shaolin disco.
Master Custos: "When you can take this CD from my hand, Grasshopper, you shall be ready."
Kwai Chang Andy K: (swish) ooof (fumbles and falls over)
Master Custos: "Silly Guei-lauo. Now is not the time for Abstract Break-dancing....now run along to your studies..."

Lord Custos 2.0 beta, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)

Oh, Phil...if you're still listening, here's more "options" to add to your perl script: Psuedo-, Post-, Pre-, "Real", Dylanesque, Bowiesque, Abbaesque, Erasureish, Depeche Modeified, Yello-riffic!; as well as "inspired by (insert random classic composer) and (insert any jazz personage except Kenny G.)"

Lord Custos 2.0 beta, Friday, 17 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-three years ago)


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